考前必看：2021年考研英语法学类阅读理解模拟题及答案（十八）

发布时间：2020-10-14

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英语是考研初试当中比较拉分的科目，历来令不少考生又爱又恨。许多考生的英语都有很大的进步空间，因此英语该如何学就成为了众多考生关心的重点。想要学好英语，实战经验很重要。下面，51题库考试学习网为大家带来考研初试英语科目的一些模拟试题，正在备考的小伙伴赶紧练起来吧。

The image was riveting， as justice John Paul Stevens， a Chicago native， presented it. A gang member and his father are hanging out near Wrigley Field. Are they there “to rob an unsuspecting fan or just to get a glimpse of Sammy Sosa leaving the ball park?” A police officer has no idea， but under Chicago\\'s anti-gang law， the cop must order them to disperse. With Stevens writing for a 6-to-3 majority， the Supreme Court last week struck down Chicago\\'s sweeping statute， which had sparked 42，000 arrests in its three years of enforcement.

The decision was a blow to advocates of get-tough crime policies. But in a widely noted concurring opinion， Justice Sandra Day O\\'Connor suggested that a less draconian approach——distinguishing gang members from innocent bystanders——might pass constitutional muster. New language could target loiterers “with no apparent purpose other than to establish control over identifiable areas， to intimidate others from entering those areas or to conceal illegal activities，” she wrote. Chicago officials vowed to draft a new measure. “We will go back and correct it and then move forward，” said Mayor Richard Daley.

Chicago officials， along with the League of Cities and 31 states that sided with them in court， might do well to look at one state where anti-gang loitering prosecutions have withstood constitutional challenges： California. The state has two antiloitering statutes on the books， aimed at people intending to commit specific crimes——prostitution and drug dealing. In addition， a number of local prosecutors are waging war against gangs by an innovative use of the public-nuisance laws.

In cities such as Los Angeles and San Jose， prosecutors have sought injunctions against groups of people suspected of gang activity. “The officers in the streets know the gang members and gather physical evidence for lengthy court hearings，” says Los Angeles prosecutor Martin Vranicar. If the evidence is enough to convince a judge， an injunction is issued to prohibit specific behavior——such as carrying cell phones or pagers or blocking sidewalk passage——in defined geographical areas. “It works instantly，” says San Jose city attorney Joan Gallo， who successfully defended the tactic before the California Supreme Court. “A few days after the injunctions， children are playing on streets where they never were before.”

So far， only a few hundred gang members have been targeted， out of an estimated 150，000 in Los Angeles alone. But experts say last week\\'s decision set the parameters for sharper measures. Says Harvard law professor Laurence Tribe： “It just means they have to use a scalpel rather than an invisible mallet.”

注(1)：本文选自By Margot Hornblower/Los Angeles With reporting by Timothy Roche/Chicago and Andrea Sachs/New York Time; 06/21/99， Vol. 153 Issue 24， p55， 2/3p， 1bw

注

注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象2004年真题Text 2.

1. What does the author intend to illustrate with the example of the gang member and his father?

[A]How the antiloitering law works.

[B]How to maintain charming image.

[C]How tough the crime polices were.

[D]Why Chicago‘s sweeping statute stroke down.

2. What can we infer from the first two paragraphs?

[A]Chicago‘s antiloitering law shouldn’t be struck down.

[B]The cop was entitled to send the gangs away.

[C]Chicago officials yielded to the result of striking down the law.

[D]antiloitering law in Chicago was much too severe for the majority.

3. The third and fourth paragraphs suggest that ________.

[A]the League of Cities and 31 states should work with Chicago officials

[B]the injunctions in some cities brought back the safety on the street

[C]California successfully starts the battle against the gangs

[D]the police officers shoulder more responsibility than before

4. What does the author mean by “It just means they have to use a scalpel rather than an invisible mallet” (The Last Line， Paragraph 5)?

[A]The gang members should be given a get-tough attitude in the long run.

[B]The targeted gang members rather than all of them should be given a get-tough treatment.

[C] A scalpel can cut off the tumors of the society while the invisible mallet fails to.

[D]A scalpel is more powerful than the invisible mallet.

5. Which of the following is true according to the text?

[A]Chicago‘s sweeping statute was struck down for its involving too many arrests.

[B]Chicago officials still maintained their get-tough crime policies.

[C]It was not safe for children to play on the street.

[D]California used a scalpel while other states used an invisible mallet to cope with the gangs.

答案：ADCBD

篇章剖析

本文采用提出问题——解决问题的模式。第一段和第二段提出芝加哥因为种种原因解除了禁止闲荡法令;第三段、四段和五段针对这一问题，指出加利福尼亚的做法是非常值得借鉴的。

词汇注释

loiter v.闲荡， 虚度， 徘徊

rivet v. 吸引(注意力)

disperse v.(使)分散， (使)散开， 疏散

statute n.法令， 条例

enforcement n.执行， 强制

concur v.同时发生

draconian adj.严酷的，极其残酷的;十分严厉的：

intimidate v. 恐吓使胆怯;使害怕

innovative adj.创新的， 革新(主义)的

injunction n.命令， 指令， [律]禁令

parameter n.参数， 参量， 起限定作用的因素

scalpel n.解剖刀

mallet n.槌棒

难句突破

1.Chicago officials， along with the League of Cities and 31 states that sided with them in court， might do well to look at one state where anti-gang loitering prosecutions have withstood constitutional challenges： California.

主体结构：Chicago officials might do well to look at …

结构分析：“along with the League of Cities and 31 states”在句子中做伴随状语，其中that又引导定语从句进行修饰;主句中where又引导从句来修饰state.

句子翻译：只要芝加哥官员以及那些在法庭上支持他们的城市联盟和31个州去看看那个州—加州—的情况就可以处理好他们的问题。加州的反犯罪集团闲荡起诉案已经受住了宪法的挑战。

题目分析

1.答案为A，属推理判断题。文中对应信息“but under Chicago\\'s anti-gang law， the cop must order them to disperse”，从第一段我们可以看出作者在介绍芝加哥的“禁止闲荡法令”是如何运做及被解除的。

2.答案为D，属推理判断题。第一段和第二段主要介绍芝加哥解除了“禁止闲荡法令”。从第一段“which had sparked 42，000 arrests in its three years of enforcement”，我们可以看出这一法令是非常严厉的;从第二段“But in a widely noted concurring opinion， Justice Sandra Day O\\'Connor suggested that a less draconian approach——distinguishing gang members from innocent bystanders——might pass constitutional muster.”我们可以看出一项较宽松的法令即将出台。从这些地方我们可做出判断。

3.答案为C， 属推理判断题。第三段和第四段主要介绍了加利福尼亚州是如何与街头帮派行为做斗争的。

4.答案为B，属推理判断题。这篇文章中存在对比：芝加哥的肃清法令“sparked 42，000 arrests in its three years of enforcement”，重在大范围的打击;加利福尼亚州“So far， only a few hundred gang members have been targeted， out of an estimated 150，000 in Los Angeles alone.”重在小范围的清除。

5.答案为D，属推理判断题。分析同第四题。

以上就是51题库考试学习网为大家带来的全部内容，希望能给大家一些帮助。51题库考试学习网提醒：在最后阶段，调整自己的心态也是非常重要的，每年都有考生临考前放弃，所以小伙伴们要注意不要给自己太大的压力哦。另外，小伙伴们如果还有其他关于考研信息的疑问，也可以留言咨询哦。

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下面小编为大家准备了 研究生入学 的相关考题，供大家学习参考。

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