最后冲刺:2021年考研英语模拟试题(2020-10-17)

发布时间:2020-10-17


目前,2021年考研初试备考时间已不足三个月,不知各位小伙伴复习的如何了?在最后阶段,我们最需要做的是了解考试,而试题练习无疑是非常不错的方法。为了帮助大家备考,51题库考试学习网在下面为大家带来考研初试的一些模拟试题,一起练起来吧。

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Timothy Berners-Lee might be giving Bill Gates a run for the money, but he passed up his shot at fabulous wealthintentionallyin 1990. Thats when he decided not to patent the technology used to create the most important software innovation in the final decade of the 20th century: the World Wide Web. Berners-Lee wanted to make the world a richer place, not a mass personal wealth. So he gave his brainchild to us all.

Berners-Lee regards todays Web as a rebellious adolescent that can never fulfill his original expectations. By 2005, he hopes to begin replacing it with the Semantic Weba smart network that will finally understand human languages and make computers virtually as easy to work with as other humans.

As envisioned by Berners-Lee, the new Web would understand not only the meaning of words and concepts but also the logical relationships among them. That has awesome potential. Most knowledge is built on two pillars: semantics and mathematics. In number-crunching, computers already outclass people. Machines that are equally adroit at dealing with language and reason wont just help people uncover new insights; they could blaze new trails on their own.

Even with a fairly crude version of this future Web, mining online repositories for nuggets of knowledge would no longer force people to wade through screen after screen of extraneous data. Instead, computers would dispatch intelligent agents, or software messengers, to explore Web sites by the thousands and logically sift out just whats relevant. That alone would provide a major boost in productivity at work and at home. But theres far more.

Software agents could also take on many routine business chores, such as helping manufacturers find and negotiate with lowest-cost parts suppliers and handling help-desk questions. The Semantic Web would also be a bottomless trove of eureka insights. Most inventions and scientific breakthroughs, including todays Web, spring from novel combinations of existing knowledge. The Semantic Web would make it possible to evaluate more combinations overnight than a person could juggle in a lifetime. Sure scientists and other people can post ideas on the Web today for others to read. But with machines doing the reading and translating technical terms, related ideas from millions of Web pages could be distilled and summarized. That will lift the ability to assess and integrate information to new heights. The Semantic Web, Berners-Lee predicts, will help more people become more intuitive as well as more analytical. It will foster global collaborations among people with diverse cultural perspectives, so we have a better chance of finding the right solutions to the really big issueslike the environment and climate warming.

1. Had he liked, Berners-Lee could have _____.

[A]created the most important innovation in the 1990s

[B]accumulated as much personal wealth as Bill Gates

[C]patented the technology of Microsoft software

[D]given his brainchild to us all

2. The Semantic Web will be superior to todays web in that it _____.

[A]surpasses people in processing numbers

[B]fulfills users original expectations

[C]deals with language and reason as well as number

[D]responds like a rebellious adult

3. To search for any information needed on tomorrows Web, one only has to _____.

[A]wade through screen after screen of extraneous data

[B]ask the Web to dispatch some messenger to his door

[C]use smart software programs called agents

[D]explore Web sites by the thousands and pick out whats relevant

4. Thanks to the Web of the future, _____.

[A]millions of web pages can be translated overnight

[B]one can find most inventions and breakthroughs online

[C]software manufacturers can lower the cost of computer parts

[D]scientists using different specialty terms can collaborate much better

5. The most appropriate title for this text is.

[A]Differences between Two Webs

[B]The Humanization of Computer Software

[C]A New Solution to World Problems

[D]The Creator and His Next Creation

答案

1. B 2.C 3.C 4.D 5.D

总体分析

本文是一篇介绍著名网络科学家伯纳斯·李及其发明创造的文章。文章先以伯纳斯·李对万维网的贡献及态度为例,赞扬了他的伟大人格,而后又详细介绍了伯纳斯·李的下一个研究目标——语义万维网——的优点及将给人们带来的好处。

第一段:讲述了20世纪90年代,伯纳斯·李主动放弃自己积累个人财富的机会,把用来发明万维网的技术与世界分享的例子,表明了他的伟大人格。

第二段:通过指出伯纳斯·李对当今网络的不满,引入他的新研究项目——语义万维网。

第三、四、五段:通过新旧对比的方式,介绍了语义万维网的优点及将给人们带来的好处。第三段介绍新的网络不止能处理数字,还能理解人类的语言和推理。第四段介绍了查询信息时新网络的快捷方便。第五段指出软件代理商可以帮人们处理很多常规事物,还可以整合归纳大量相关信息,促进不同文化背景的人之间的交流,促进新的发明创造,提高人们解决问题的能力。

以上就是51题库考试学习网为大家带来的全部内容,希望能给大家一些帮助。51题库考试学习网提醒:目前2021年考研大纲已经公布,小伙伴们在复习时要注意以大纲为准哦。另外,小伙伴们如果还有其他关于考研信息的疑问,也可以留言咨询哦。


下面小编为大家准备了 研究生入学 的相关考题,供大家学习参考。



答案:B
解析:

简论清末修律的特点和历史意义。

答案:
解析:
(1)清末修律的主要特点是:1)在立法指导思想上,清末修律自始至终贯穿着“仿效外国资本主义法律形式,固守中国封建法制传统”的方针。清政府迫于激变的时局,不得不“改弦更张”、“参酌各国法律”进行变法修律,但在根本问题上又坚持修律应“不戾乎中国数千年相传之礼教民情”。因此,借用西方近现代法律制度的形式,坚持中国固有的封建制度的内容,即成为清朝统治者变法修律的基本宗旨。2)在内容上,清末修订的法律表现出封建专制主义传统和西方资本主义法学最新成果的混合。一方面,清末修律坚持君主专制体制及封建伦理纲常“不可率行改变”,在新修新订的法律中继续保持肯定和维护专制统治的传统;另一方面,又标榜“吸收世界各国大同之良规、兼采近世最新之学说”,大量引用西方法律理论、原则、制度和法律术语,使得保守落后的封建内容与先进的近现代法律形式同时显现在这些新的法律法规之中。3)在法典编纂形式上,清末修律改变了中国传统的“诸法合体”的形式,明确了实体法之间、实体法与程序法之间的差别与不同,分别制定、颁行或起草了有关宪法、刑法、民法、商法、诉讼法、法院组织法等方面的法典或法规,形成了近代法律体系的雏形。4)清末修律是清王朝为维护其摇摇欲坠的统治,在保持君主专制政体的前提下进行的,因而既不能反映人民群众的要求和愿望,也没有真正的民主形式。
(2)清末修律活动虽然在主观上讲是一种被动的、被迫进行的立法活动,修律本身也存在着根本的缺陷和局限性,但在客观上也产生了显著的影响,在中国近代法制发展史上占有重要地位。首先,清末修律导致中华法系走向解体。随着修律过程中一系列新的法典、法规的出现,不仅传统的“诸法合体”的形式已被抛弃,而且中华法系“依伦理而轻重其刑”的特点也受到了极大的冲击。其次,清末修律为中国法律的近代化奠定了基础。通过清末大规模的立法,参照西方资产阶级法律建立起来的一整套法律制度和司法体制,对后世特别是北洋政府和南京国民党政府法律制度的形成与发展提供了条件。再次,清末修律在一定程度上引进和传播了西方近现代的法律学说和法律制度。清末修律在中国历史上第一次全面而系统地向国内介绍和传播了西方法律学说和资本主义法律制度,使得近现代法律知识在中国得到一定程度的普及,从而促进形成了一部分中国人的法治观念。最后,清末修律在客观上有助于推动中国资本主义经济的发展和法学教育的近代化。

甲对乙享有30万元的债权,一直催讨未果。后甲因对丙负有债务,即以该30万元债权与丙达成债权转让协议,并将该转让事实通知了乙。当丙向乙主张债权时,乙以该债权转让未经自己同意为由予以拒绝。经调查发现,乙除对丁享有20万元到期债权外,没有任何其他财产可供清偿,而且乙一直未向丁主张债权,也没有要求丁清偿债务之意。 根据上述案情,请回答: (1)甲与丙之间的债权转让协议是否有效?为什么?其后果如何? 甲对乙享有30万元的债权,一直催讨未果。后甲因对丙负有债务,即以该30万元债权与丙达成债权转让协议,并将该转让事实通知了乙。当丙向乙主张债权时,乙以该债权转让未经自己同意为由予以拒绝。经调查发现,乙除对丁享有20万元到期债权外,没有任何其他财产可供清偿,而且乙一直未向丁主张债权,也没有要求丁清偿债务之意。 根据上述案情,请回答: (1)甲与丙之间的债权转让协议是否有效?为什么?其后果如何?

答案:
解析:
甲与丙之间的债权转让协议有效。根据《合同法》的有关规定,债权转让协议只需转让人与受让人达成合意,并符合合同的其他有效条件即可生效,无须征得债务人的同意。甲转让债权于丙并通知债务人乙后,即退出债的关系,丙作为受让人参加到债的关系中来,成为乙新的债权人。

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