考前冲刺：2021年考研英语模拟试题(2020-10-18)

发布时间：2020-10-18

英语是考研初试当中比较拉分的科目，历来令不少考生又爱又恨。许多考生的英语都有很大的进步空间，因此英语该如何学就成为了众多考生关心的重点。想要学好英语，实战经验很重要。下面，51题库考试学习网为大家带来考研初试英语科目的一些模拟试题，正在备考的小伙伴赶紧练起来吧。

Part B

Directions:

In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the lish A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices that do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

Archaeological study covers an extremely long span of time and a great variety of subjects. The earliest subjects of archaeological study date from the origins of humanity. These include fossil remains believed to be of human ancestors who lived 3.5 million to 4.5 million years ago. The earliest archaeological sites include those at Hadar, Ethiopia; Laetoli, Tanzania; East Turkana, Kenya; and elsewhere in East Africa. These sites contain evidence of the first appearance of bipedal (upright-walking, apelike early humans).41. ___________

The first physically modern humans, Homo sapiens, appeared in tropical Africa between 200,000 and 150,000 years ago—dates determined by molecular biologists and archaeologists working together. Dozens of archaeological sites throughout Asia and Europe show how people migrated from Africa and settled in these two continents during the last Ice Age (100,000 to 15,000 years ago). 42. ___________

Archaeologists have documented that the development of agriculture took place about 10,000 years ago. Early domestication—the planting and harvesting of plants and the breeding and herding of animals—is evident in such places as the ancient settlement of Jericho in Jordan and in Tehuacán Valley in Mexico. Archaeology plays a major role in the study of early civilizations, such as those of the Sumerians of Mesopotamia, who built the city of Ur, and the ancient Egyptians, who are famous for the pyramids near the city of Giza and the royal sepulchres (tombs) of the Valley of the Kings at Thebes. 43. ___________

Archaeological research spans the entire development of phenomena that are unique to humans. For instance, archaeology tells the story of when people learned to bury their dead and developed beliefs in an afterlife. Sites containing signs of the first simple but purposeful burials in graves date to as early as 40,000 years ago in Europe and Southwest Asia. By the time people lived in civilizations, burials and funeral ceremonies had become extremely important and elaborate rituals. 44. ___________

Archaeology also examines more recent historical periods. Some archaeologists work with historians to study American colonial life, for example. They have learned such diverse information as how the earliest colonial settlers in Jamestown, Virginia, traded glass beads for food with native Algonquian peoples; how the lives of slaves on plantations reflected their roots in Africa; and how the first major cities in the United States developed. 45. ___________

[A] For example, the Moche lords of Sipán in coastal Peru were buried in about AD 400 in fine cotton dress and with exquisite ornaments of bead, gold, and silver. Few burials rival their lavish sepulchres. Being able to trace the development of such rituals over thousands of years has added to our understanding of the development of human intellect and spirit.

[B] By 40,000 years ago people could be found hunting and gathering food across most of the regions of Africa. Populations in different regions employed various technological developments in adapting to their different environments and climates.

[C] Archaeological studies have also provided much information about the people who first arrived in the Americas over 12,000 years ago.

[D] The first fossil records of vascular plants—that is, land plants with tissue that carries food—appeared in the Silurian period. They were simple plants that had not developed separate stems and leaves.

[E] Laetoli even reveals footprints of humans from 3.6 million years ago. Some sites also contain evidence of the earliest use of simple tools. Archaeologists have also recorded how primitive forms of humans spread out of Africa into Asia about 1.8 million years ago, then into Europe about 900,000 years ago.

[F] One research project involves the study of garbage in present-day cities across the United States. This garbage is the modern equivalent of the remains found in the archaeological record. In the future, archaeologists will continue to move into new realms of study.

[G] Other sites that represent great human achievement are as varied as the cliff dwellings of the ancient Anasazi (a group of early Native Americans of North America) at Mesa Verde, Colorado; the Inca city of Machu Picchu high in the Andes Mountains of Peru; and the mysterious, massive stone portrait heads of remote Easter Island in the Pacific.

答案

41.E 42.C 43.G 44.A 45.F

总体分析

本文主要论述了考古学研究的发展，它延续了整个人类发展的历史(从人类起源之初到现代社会)，涉及了多种多样的主题(包括最早出现的人类，人类的迁徙、文明、埋葬仪式、美国殖民生活、现代城市垃圾等)。

[A] 比如，西潘地区莫切人的贵族们约在公元400年被埋葬，身着优质的棉质礼服，佩带着精致的珠子和金银装饰。很少有能与他们坟墓的华丽相媲美的。能够追溯这些仪式几千年的发展有助于我们理解人类智力和精神的发展。

[B] 到40万年前可以发现人们在非洲大部分地区狩猎和采集食物。不同地区的居民利用各种技术的发展来适应各自所处的不同环境与气候。

[C] 考古研究也提供了关于12万年前首先到达美洲的人类的许多信息。

[D] 最早的导管植物(即带有运载食物组织的陆地植物)的化石记录出现在志留纪时代。它们是没有形成独立的茎和叶的简单植物。

[E] 利特里甚至展现了360万年前的人类的足迹。一些遗址也包含了最早使用的简单工具的证据。考古学家们还记录了原始人类如何在约180万年前从非洲扩展到亚洲，然后在约90万年前进入欧洲的。

[F] 一个研究项目涉及对全美国现代城市垃圾的研究。这种垃圾相当于现代社会中发现的考古记录的遗骸。将来，考古学家会继续开拓新的研究领域。

[G] 其他代表人类伟大成就的遗址各式各样，像科罗拉多州梅莎尔地的古代阿纳萨齐人(北美洲的一群早期土著美国人)的崖下住居;位于秘鲁安梯斯山脉高处的马丘比丘的印加城;偏远的太平洋复活节岛上神秘而巨大的石刻人头肖像。

以上就是51题库考试学习网为大家带来的全部内容，希望能给大家一些帮助。51题库考试学习网提醒：在最后阶段，调整自己的心态也是非常重要的，每年都有考生临考前放弃，所以小伙伴们要注意不要给自己太大的压力哦。另外，小伙伴们如果还有其他关于考研信息的疑问，也可以留言咨询哦。

下面小编为大家准备了 研究生入学 的相关考题，供大家学习参考。

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答案：B

解析：

画出积分区域，用极坐标把二重积分化为二次积分.　　曲线2xy=1，4xy=1的极坐标方程分别为

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调节ADH释放最敏感的感受器是

A.下丘脑渗透压感受器
B.心房和肺血管的容量感受器
C.主动脉弓压力感受器
D.颈动脉窦压力感受器

答案：A

解析：

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Text 2 While fossil fuels—coal，oil，gas—still generate roughly 85 percent of the world’s energy supply,it's clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar.The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world：They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources.But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables，especially wind and solar.The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.In Scotland，for example，wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes.While the rest of the world takes the lead，notably China and Europe，the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift.In March，for the first time，wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US，reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal—as the path to economic growth.In a recent speech in Iowa，he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source.But that message did not play well with many in Iowa，where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state’s electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question“what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?”has provided a quick put-down for skeptics.But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers，who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles.Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now,this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there’s a long way to go，the trend lines for renewables are spiking.The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change.What Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.
Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6?

A.Its application has boosted battery storage.
B.It is commonly used in car manufacturing.
C.Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.
D.Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.

答案：C

解析：

这是一道是非细节题，根据题干给出的段落位置，5-6两段和主题词clean energy，回到原文的第5-6段，这两段都不长，第五段出现了But后讲到电池容量的提升a boost in the storage，与A选项不符，并不是因果关系，故排除；B选项说道广泛用在制造业也不符合原文第六段第一句；而D选项和原文第六段最后一句是语义相反的，故也排除；正确选项C是和这句话语义一致的，也是和全文主题一致的，故为正确答案。

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