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A new study from Switzerland sheds light on where ice sheets melted during the ice age.
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Climate will warm up over the next 50 to 100 years () it has warmed in the 20,000 years since Ice Age.
A、as long asB、as soon asC、as well asD、as much as
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The inside of the earth is very, very ____. The rock has melted like ice.
A.deepB.coldC.hardD.hot
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When operating in an area where sea ice and icebergs are present，which statement is TRUE ________．A.Icebergs may travel in a direction many degrees different from the sea iceB.Both icebergs and sea ice will move in approximately the same direction and at the same speedC.Icebergs and sea ice will move in the same direction，but at different speeds due to the sail effect of the bergD.Icebergs and sea ice will move in the same direction，but the iceberg will move slower because of its underwater bulk
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Which statement about ships operating in ice is FALSE ________．A.Light and partly loaded ships should be ballasted as deeply as possibleB.In brash-filled channels，operating with a shallow draft forward is most effectiveC.Traditionally，operating ships light in the ice has been effective in the springD.Good searchlights should be available in the event of night navigation with or without icebreaker escort
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You are on an ice-reinforced vessel about to enter packice．You should ______．A.enter the pack on the windward side where there is a well defined ice edgeB.trim to an even keel or slightly down by the bow to take maximum benefit of the ice reinforcementC.take maximum advantage of coastal leads caused by offshore windsD.look for areas of rotten ice and enter perpendicular to the ice edge
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Europa's Watery UnderworldEuropa,one of Jupiter's 63 known moons,looks bright and icy on the surface.But appearances can be deceiving:Miles within its cracked,frigid shell,Europa probably hides giant pools of liquid water. Where scientists find liquid water,they hope to find life as well.Since we can't go diving into Europa's depths just yet,scientists instead have to investigate the moon's surface for clues to what lies beneath.In a new study,scientists investigated one group of strange ice patterns on Europa and concluded that the formations mark the top of an underground pool that holds as much water as the U.S.Great Lakes.Pictures of Europa,which is slightly smaller than Earth's moon,clearly show a tangled,icy mishmash of lines and cracks known as"chaos terrains".These chaotic places cover more than half of Europa. For more than 10 years,scientists have wondered what causes the formations.The new study suggests that they arise from the mixing of vast underground stores of liquid water with icy material near the surface.For scientists who suspect that Europa also may be hiding life beneath its icy surface,the news about the new lake is exciting."It would be great if these lakes harbored life,"Britney Schmidt,a planetary scientist who worked onthe study,told Science News."But even if they didn't,they say that Europa is doing something interesting and active right now."Schmidt,a scientist at the University of Texas at Austin,and her colleagues wanted to know how chaos terrains form.Since they couldn't rocket to Europa to see for themselves,they searched for similar forma- tions here on Earth.They studied collapsed ice shelves in Antarctica and icy caps on volcanoes in Iceland. Those features on Earth formed when liquid water mixed with ice.The scientists now suspect something similar might be happening on Europa:that as water and ice of different temperatures mingle and shift,the surface fractures.This would explain the jumbled ice sculptures."Fracturing catastrophically disrupts the ice in the same way that it causes ice shelves to collapse on Earth,"Schmidt told Science News.She and her team found that the process could be causing chaos terrains to form quickly on Europa.The new study suggests that on this moon,elements such as oxygen from the surface blend with the deep bodies of water. That mixture may create an environment that supports life.Schmidt and her colleagues are the first group of scientists reaching Europa.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
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Europa's Watery UnderworldEuropa,one of Jupiter's 63 known moons,looks bright and icy on the surface.But appearances can be deceiving:Miles within its cracked,frigid shell,Europa probably hides giant pools of liquid water. Where scientists find liquid water,they hope to find life as well.Since we can't go diving into Europa's depths just yet,scientists instead have to investigate the moon's surface for clues to what lies beneath.In a new study,scientists investigated one group of strange ice patterns on Europa and concluded that the formations mark the top of an underground pool that holds as much water as the U.S.Great Lakes.Pictures of Europa,which is slightly smaller than Earth's moon,clearly show a tangled,icy mishmash of lines and cracks known as"chaos terrains".These chaotic places cover more than half of Europa. For more than 10 years,scientists have wondered what causes the formations.The new study suggests that they arise from the mixing of vast underground stores of liquid water with icy material near the surface.For scientists who suspect that Europa also may be hiding life beneath its icy surface,the news about the new lake is exciting."It would be great if these lakes harbored life,"Britney Schmidt,a planetary scientist who worked onthe study,told Science News."But even if they didn't,they say that Europa is doing something interesting and active right now."Schmidt,a scientist at the University of Texas at Austin,and her colleagues wanted to know how chaos terrains form.Since they couldn't rocket to Europa to see for themselves,they searched for similar forma- tions here on Earth.They studied collapsed ice shelves in Antarctica and icy caps on volcanoes in Iceland. Those features on Earth formed when liquid water mixed with ice.The scientists now suspect something similar might be happening on Europa:that as water and ice of different temperatures mingle and shift,the surface fractures.This would explain the jumbled ice sculptures."Fracturing catastrophically disrupts the ice in the same way that it causes ice shelves to collapse on Earth,"Schmidt told Science News.She and her team found that the process could be causing chaos terrains to form quickly on Europa.The new study suggests that on this moon,elements such as oxygen from the surface blend with the deep bodies of water. That mixture may create an environment that supports life.The strange ice patterns on Europa are formed as a result of a mixture of liquid water and solid material underground water pool.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
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Rainmaking1 The idea of rainmaking is almost as old as man,but it was not until 1946 that man succeeded in making rain.In ancient times,rainmakers had claimed to bring rain by many methods:dancing.singing-Kiiiing animals t including humans).2 For a long time,men have understood where rain comes from.Water from the surface of oceans and lakes becomes part of the air,where it forms clouds from which rain falls.But exactly what starts the formation of raindrops was not known until quite recently.A man named John Aitken proved that drops of water gather around tiny bits of dust or other matter.The centers of the drops are so small that the human eye cannot see them.Without such centers,it seems raindrops do not form.3 During World War Ⅱ,Dr.Irving Langmir,and his assistant Schaefer,were hired by the General Electric Company to study how and why ice forms on the wings of airplanes.They went to a mountain in New Hampshire,where snowstorms are common and cold winds blow.They were surprised to find that often the temperature of the clouds surrounding them was far below the freezing point,and yet ice did not form in the clouds.4 After the War,Schaefer experimented with a machine that created cold,moist air similar to the air found in clouds.To imitate the moist air of a cloud,Schaefer would breathe into the machine.Then he would drop into the freezer a bit of powder,sugar,or some other substance.For weeks and months he tried everything he could imagine.Nothing happened.No crystals of ice were formed.None of the substances would serve as the center of a snow crystal or raindrops.5 One July morning,Schaefer was dropping in bits of various substances and watching the unsuccessful results.Finally,a friend suggested that they go to eat lunch and Schaefer went with him.As usual,he left the cover of the freezer up,since cold air sinks and would not escape from the box.6 Returning from lunch,Schaefer found that the temperature of the freezer had risen to a point higher than that required for ice crystals to remain solid.There were two choices now.He could close the cover and wait for the freezer itself to lower the air temperature,or he could make the process occur faster by adding dry ice-a gas in solid form that is very,very cold.He chose the latter plan.As he dropped the steaming white dry ice into the freezer,he happened to breathe out a large amount of air.And there,before his eyes,it happened!He had made ice crystals,not by adding centers to the moisture,but by cooling the breath so much that the liquid had to form crystals!Then he began to blow his breath into the freezer and drop large pieces of dry ice through it to create crystals which became a tiny snowstorm falling slowly to the floor of his laboratory.7 After planning carefully,Schaefer made an experiment by dropping dry ice from his plane to the clouds below him.As was expected,snow formed and fell from the bottom of the cloud.Schaefer succeeded.He made history.Paragraph 2______A:Langmir and Schaefer's Work for the GE CompanyB:Langmir and Schaefer's Discovery of Rain-formingC:Men's Knowledge of Rain-formingD:Schaefer's Several Unsuccessful ExperimentsE:Schaefer's Discovery by AccidentF:Langmir and Schaefer's Successful Cooneration
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Rainmaking1 The idea of rainmaking is almost as old as man,but it was not until 1946 that man succeeded in making rain.In ancient times,rainmakers had claimed to bring rain by many methods:dancing,singing,killing animals(including humans).2 For a long time,men have understood where rain comes from.Water from the surface of oceans and lakes becomes part of the air,where it forms clouds from which rain falls.But exactly what starts the forma- tion of raindrops was not known until quite recently.A man named John Aitken proved that drops of water gather around tiny bits of dust or other matter. The centers of the drops are so small that the human eye can- not see them.Without such centers,it seems raindrops do not form.3 During World War Ⅱ,Dr. Irving Langmir,and his assistant Schaefer,were hired by the General Electric Company to study how and why ice forms on the wings of airplanes.They went to a mountain in New Hampshire,where snowstorms are common and cold winds blow. They were surprised to find that often the temperature of the clouds surrounding them was far below the freezing point,and yet ice did not form in the clouds.4 After the War,Schaefer experimented with a machine that created cold,moist air similar to the air found in clouds.To imitate the moist air of a cloud.Schaefer would breathe into the machine.Then he would drop into the freezer a bit of powder,sugar,or some other substance.For weeks and months he tried everything he could imagine.Nothing happened.No crystals of ice were formed.None of the substances would serve as the center of a snow crystal or raindrops.5 One July morning,Schaefer was dropping in bits of various substances and watching the unsuccessful results.Finally,a friend suggested that they go to eat lunch and Schaefer went with him.As usual,he left the cover of the freezer up,since cold air sinks and would not escape from the box.6 Returning from lunch,Schaefer found that the temperature of the freezer had risen to a point higher than that required for ice crystals to remain solid.There were two choices now.He could close the cover and wait for the freezer itself to lower the air temperature,or he could make the process occur faster by adding dry ice a gas in solid form that is very,very cold.He chose the latter plan.As he dropped the steaming white dry ice into the freezer,he happened to breathe out a large amount of air. And there,before his eyes,it happened ! He had made ice crystals,not by adding centers to the moisture,but by cooling the breath so much that the liquid had to form crystals!Then he began to blow his breath into the freezer and drop large pieces of dry ice through it to create crystals which became a tiny snowstorm falling slowly to the floor of his laboratory.7 After planning carefully,Schaefer made an experiment by dropping dry ice from his plane to the clouds below him.As was expected,snow formed and fell from the bottom of the cloud.Schaefer succeeded. He made history.Paragraph 6__________A:Langmir and Schaefer's Work for the GE CompanyB:Langmir and Schaefer's Discovery of Rain-formingC:Men'S Knowledge of Rain-formingD:Schaefer'S Several Unsuccessful Experiments E:Schaefer's Discovery by AccidentF: Langmir and Schaefer'S Successful Cooperation
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Rainmaking1 The idea of rainmaking is almost as old as man,but it was not until 1946 that man succeeded in making rain.In ancient times,rainmakers had claimed to bring rain by many methods:dancing.singing-Kiiiing animals t including humans).2 For a long time,men have understood where rain comes from.Water from the surface of oceans and lakes becomes part of the air,where it forms clouds from which rain falls.But exactly what starts the formation of raindrops was not known until quite recently.A man named John Aitken proved that drops of water gather around tiny bits of dust or other matter.The centers of the drops are so small that the human eye cannot see them.Without such centers,it seems raindrops do not form.3 During World War Ⅱ,Dr.Irving Langmir,and his assistant Schaefer,were hired by the General Electric Company to study how and why ice forms on the wings of airplanes.They went to a mountain in New Hampshire,where snowstorms are common and cold winds blow.They were surprised to find that often the temperature of the clouds surrounding them was far below the freezing point,and yet ice did not form in the clouds.4 After the War,Schaefer experimented with a machine that created cold,moist air similar to the air found in clouds.To imitate the moist air of a cloud,Schaefer would breathe into the machine.Then he would drop into the freezer a bit of powder,sugar,or some other substance.For weeks and months he tried everything he could imagine.Nothing happened.No crystals of ice were formed.None of the substances would serve as the center of a snow crystal or raindrops.5 One July morning,Schaefer was dropping in bits of various substances and watching the unsuccessful results.Finally,a friend suggested that they go to eat lunch and Schaefer went with him.As usual,he left the cover of the freezer up,since cold air sinks and would not escape from the box.6 Returning from lunch,Schaefer found that the temperature of the freezer had risen to a point higher than that required for ice crystals to remain solid.There were two choices now.He could close the cover and wait for the freezer itself to lower the air temperature,or he could make the process occur faster by adding dry ice-a gas in solid form that is very,very cold.He chose the latter plan.As he dropped the steaming white dry ice into the freezer,he happened to breathe out a large amount of air.And there,before his eyes,it happened!He had made ice crystals,not by adding centers to the moisture,but by cooling the breath so much that the liquid had to form crystals!Then he began to blow his breath into the freezer and drop large pieces of dry ice through it to create crystals which became a tiny snowstorm falling slowly to the floor of his laboratory.7 After planning carefully,Schaefer made an experiment by dropping dry ice from his plane to the clouds below him.As was expected,snow formed and fell from the bottom of the cloud.Schaefer succeeded.He made history.Schaefer found a way of how to make ice crystals______.A:imaginativelyB:recentlyC:carefullyD:unscientifically E:accidentally F:satisfactorily
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New research from NASA scientists suggests emissions of black soot after the way sunlight re- flects off snow.According to a computer simulation,black soot may be responsible for 25 percent of observed global warming over the past century. Soot in the higher latitudes（维度）of the Earth,where ice is more common , absorbs more of the sun's energy and warmth than an icy,white background. Dark-colored black carbon,or soot, absorbs sunlight,while lighter colored ice reflects sunlight.Soot in areas with snow and ice may play an important role in climate change.Also,if snow and ice covered areas begin melting,the warming effect increase,as the soot becomes more con-centrated on the snow surface.“This provides a positive feedback,as glaciers and ice sheets melt, they tend to get even dirtier.”said Dr. James Hansen,a researcher at NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies,New York.Hansen found soot's effect on snow albedo（反照率）,which may be contributing to trends to-ward early springs in the Northern Hemisphere,such as thinning Arctic sea ice and melting glac-iers permafrost. Soot also is believed to play a role in changes in the atmosphere above the oceans and land.“Black carbon reduces the amount of energy reflected by snow back into space,thus heating the snow surface more than if there were no black carbon,”Hansen said. Soot's increased absorp-tion of solar energy is especially effective in warming the world's climate.“ This forcing is unusual-ly effective,causing twice as much global warming as a carbon-dioxide forcing of the same magni-tude.”Hansen noted.Hansen cautioned,although the role of soot in altering global climate is substantial,it does not alter the fact that greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming during the past century .Such gases are expected to be the largest climate forcing for the rest of the century.The researchers found that observed warming in the Northern Hemisphere was large in the winter and spring at middle and high latitudes. These observations were coherent with the researchers' climate model situations,which showed some of the largest warming effects occurred when there were heavy snow cover and sufficient sunlight. What is the main cause of climate warming during the past century?A: Soot.B: Snow.C: Greenhouse gases.D:.Wind.
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第一篇Arctic MeltEarth’s North and South Poles are famous for being cold and icy.Last year,however,the amnount of ice in the Arctic Ocean（北冰洋）fell to a record low.Normally,ice builds in Arctic waters around the North Pole each winter and shrinks（缩小）during the summer. But for many years,the amount of ice left by the end of summer has been declining.Since 1979,each decade has seen an 11.4 percent drop in end?of-summer ice cover. Between 1981 and 2000,ice in the Arctic lost 22 percent of its thickness,becoming I.13 meters thinner.Last summer,Arctic sea ice reached its thinnest levels yet.By the end of summer 2007,the ice had shrunk to cover just 4.2 million square kilometers.That's 38 percent less area than the average cover at that time of year. And it's a very large 23 percent below the previous record low,which was set just 2 years ago. This continuing trend has made scientists concerned.There may be several reasons for the ice melt, says Jinlun Zhang, an oceanographer（海洋学家）at the University of Washington at Seattle.Unusually strong winds blew through the Arctic last summer. The winds pushed much of the ice out of the central Arctic,leaving a large area of thin ice and open water.Scientists also suspect that fewer clouds cover the Arctic now than in the past.Clearer skies allow more sunlight to reach the ocean.The extra heat warms both the water and the atmosphere.In parts of the Arctic Ocean last year,surface temperatures were 3.5℃warmer than average and 1.5℃warmer than the previous record high.With both air and water getting warmer,the ice is melting from both above and below. In some parts of the Beaufort Sea,north of Alaska and western Canada,ice that measured 3.3 meters thick at the beginning of the summer measured just 50 centimeters by season's end.The new measurements suggest that melting is far more severe than scientists have seen by just looking at ice covcrfrom above,says Donald K. Perovich,a geophysicist at the U.S.Army Cold Regions Researchand Engineering Laboratory in Hanover,N.H.Some scientists fear that the Arctic is stuck in a warming trend from which it may never recover.By the end of summer 2007 the ice cover in the Arctic was ________.A:4.2 million square kilometersB:11.4 million square kilometersC:1.13 million square kilometers D:38 million square kilometers
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第一篇Arctic MeltEarth’s North and South Poles are famous for being cold and icy.Last year,however,the amnount of ice in the Arctic Ocean（北冰洋）fell to a record low.Normally,ice builds in Arctic waters around the North Pole each winter and shrinks（缩小）during the summer. But for many years,the amount of ice left by the end of summer has been declining.Since 1979,each decade has seen an 11.4 percent drop in end?of-summer ice cover. Between 1981 and 2000,ice in the Arctic lost 22 percent of its thickness,becoming I.13 meters thinner.Last summer,Arctic sea ice reached its thinnest levels yet.By the end of summer 2007,the ice had shrunk to cover just 4.2 million square kilometers.That's 38 percent less area than the average cover at that time of year. And it's a very large 23 percent below the previous record low,which was set just 2 years ago. This continuing trend has made scientists concerned.There may be several reasons for the ice melt, says Jinlun Zhang, an oceanographer（海洋学家）at the University of Washington at Seattle.Unusually strong winds blew through the Arctic last summer. The winds pushed much of the ice out of the central Arctic,leaving a large area of thin ice and open water.Scientists also suspect that fewer clouds cover the Arctic now than in the past.Clearer skies allow more sunlight to reach the ocean.The extra heat warms both the water and the atmosphere.In parts of the Arctic Ocean last year,surface temperatures were 3.5℃warmer than average and 1.5℃warmer than the previous record high.With both air and water getting warmer,the ice is melting from both above and below. In some parts of the Beaufort Sea,north of Alaska and western Canada,ice that measured 3.3 meters thick at the beginning of the summer measured just 50 centimeters by season's end.The new measurements suggest that melting is far more severe than scientists have seen by just looking at ice covcrfrom above,says Donald K. Perovich,a geophysicist at the U.S.Army Cold Regions Researchand Engineering Laboratory in Hanover,N.H.Some scientists fear that the Arctic is stuck in a warming trend from which it may never recover.It can be learned from the last sentence that _________.A:the ice melt in the Arctic may never stopB:scientists are trying hard to stop the ice melt in the ArcticC:scientists are delighted to find out what is going on in the ArcticD:the warming trend in the Arctic can be reversed in the near future
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New research from NASA scientists suggests emissions of black soot after the way sunlight re- flects off snow.According to a computer simulation,black soot may be responsible for 25 percent of observed global warming over the past century. Soot in the higher latitudes（维度）of the Earth,where ice is more common , absorbs more of the sun's energy and warmth than an icy,white background. Dark-colored black carbon,or soot, absorbs sunlight,while lighter colored ice reflects sunlight.Soot in areas with snow and ice may play an important role in climate change.Also,if snow and ice covered areas begin melting,the warming effect increase,as the soot becomes more con-centrated on the snow surface.“This provides a positive feedback,as glaciers and ice sheets melt, they tend to get even dirtier.”said Dr. James Hansen,a researcher at NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies,New York.Hansen found soot's effect on snow albedo（反照率）,which may be contributing to trends to-ward early springs in the Northern Hemisphere,such as thinning Arctic sea ice and melting glac-iers permafrost. Soot also is believed to play a role in changes in the atmosphere above the oceans and land.“Black carbon reduces the amount of energy reflected by snow back into space,thus heating the snow surface more than if there were no black carbon,”Hansen said. Soot's increased absorp-tion of solar energy is especially effective in warming the world's climate.“ This forcing is unusual-ly effective,causing twice as much global warming as a carbon-dioxide forcing of the same magni-tude.”Hansen noted.Hansen cautioned,although the role of soot in altering global climate is substantial,it does not alter the fact that greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming during the past century .Such gases are expected to be the largest climate forcing for the rest of the century.The researchers found that observed warming in the Northern Hemisphere was large in the winter and spring at middle and high latitudes. These observations were coherent with the researchers' climate model situations,which showed some of the largest warming effects occurred when there were heavy snow cover and sufficient sunlight. The largest warming effects happened in the Northern Hemisphere with_____.A: thin sea ice and insufficient sunlightB: light、 snow cover and sufficient sunlightC: heavy snow cover and sufficient sunlightD:.thick sea ice and sufficient sunlight
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第一篇Arctic MeltEarth’s North and South Poles are famous for being cold and icy.Last year,however,the amnount of ice in the Arctic Ocean（北冰洋）fell to a record low.Normally,ice builds in Arctic waters around the North Pole each winter and shrinks（缩小）during the summer. But for many years,the amount of ice left by the end of summer has been declining.Since 1979,each decade has seen an 11.4 percent drop in end?of-summer ice cover. Between 1981 and 2000,ice in the Arctic lost 22 percent of its thickness,becoming I.13 meters thinner.Last summer,Arctic sea ice reached its thinnest levels yet.By the end of summer 2007,the ice had shrunk to cover just 4.2 million square kilometers.That's 38 percent less area than the average cover at that time of year. And it's a very large 23 percent below the previous record low,which was set just 2 years ago. This continuing trend has made scientists concerned.There may be several reasons for the ice melt, says Jinlun Zhang, an oceanographer（海洋学家）at the University of Washington at Seattle.Unusually strong winds blew through the Arctic last summer. The winds pushed much of the ice out of the central Arctic,leaving a large area of thin ice and open water.Scientists also suspect that fewer clouds cover the Arctic now than in the past.Clearer skies allow more sunlight to reach the ocean.The extra heat warms both the water and the atmosphere.In parts of the Arctic Ocean last year,surface temperatures were 3.5℃warmer than average and 1.5℃warmer than the previous record high.With both air and water getting warmer,the ice is melting from both above and below. In some parts of the Beaufort Sea,north of Alaska and western Canada,ice that measured 3.3 meters thick at the beginning of the summer measured just 50 centimeters by season's end.The new measurements suggest that melting is far more severe than scientists have seen by just looking at ice covcrfrom above,says Donald K. Perovich,a geophysicist at the U.S.Army Cold Regions Researchand Engineering Laboratory in Hanover,N.H.Some scientists fear that the Arctic is stuck in a warming trend from which it may never recover.The Beaufort Sea mentioned in Paragraph 7 is an example to show_________. A:how acetirate the new measurements areB:how thick the ice is in itC:how serious the problem of the ice melt in the Arctic isD:how dangerous it is to travel to it
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第一篇Arctic MeltEarth’s North and South Poles are famous for being cold and icy.Last year,however,the amnount of ice in the Arctic Ocean（北冰洋）fell to a record low.Normally,ice builds in Arctic waters around the North Pole each winter and shrinks（缩小）during the summer. But for many years,the amount of ice left by the end of summer has been declining.Since 1979,each decade has seen an 11.4 percent drop in end?of-summer ice cover. Between 1981 and 2000,ice in the Arctic lost 22 percent of its thickness,becoming I.13 meters thinner.Last summer,Arctic sea ice reached its thinnest levels yet.By the end of summer 2007,the ice had shrunk to cover just 4.2 million square kilometers.That's 38 percent less area than the average cover at that time of year. And it's a very large 23 percent below the previous record low,which was set just 2 years ago. This continuing trend has made scientists concerned.There may be several reasons for the ice melt, says Jinlun Zhang, an oceanographer（海洋学家）at the University of Washington at Seattle.Unusually strong winds blew through the Arctic last summer. The winds pushed much of the ice out of the central Arctic,leaving a large area of thin ice and open water.Scientists also suspect that fewer clouds cover the Arctic now than in the past.Clearer skies allow more sunlight to reach the ocean.The extra heat warms both the water and the atmosphere.In parts of the Arctic Ocean last year,surface temperatures were 3.5℃warmer than average and 1.5℃warmer than the previous record high.With both air and water getting warmer,the ice is melting from both above and below. In some parts of the Beaufort Sea,north of Alaska and western Canada,ice that measured 3.3 meters thick at the beginning of the summer measured just 50 centimeters by season's end.The new measurements suggest that melting is far more severe than scientists have seen by just looking at ice covcrfrom above,says Donald K. Perovich,a geophysicist at the U.S.Army Cold Regions Researchand Engineering Laboratory in Hanover,N.H.Some scientists fear that the Arctic is stuck in a warming trend from which it may never recover.What are the reasons for the ice melting according to the scientists?A:Strong winds and clear skits.B:Longer summers and shorter winters.C:Open water and thin ice.D:Heavy clouds and light winds.
考题
单选题In regions where ice conditions prevail in the winter，（）.A
the lantern panes of unattended lights may not become covered with ice or snowB
the lantern panes of unattended lights may become covered with ice or snowC
ice or snow is likely caused coloredD
the white lights are likely caused to appear colored
考题
单选题Ice blink is（）.A
the dark appearance of the underside of a cloud layer due to reflection of a surface of open waterB
the soft light appearance on the underside of a cloud layer due to reflection from a surface of open waterC
the yellowish-white glare on the underside of a cloud layerD
water sky
考题
单选题When operating in an area where sea ice and icebergs are present，which statement is TRUE? （）A
Icebergs may travel in a direction many degrees different from the sea iceB
Both icebergs and sea ice will move in approximately the same direction and at the same speedC
Icebergs and sea ice will move in the same direction，but at different speeds due to the sail effect of the bergD
Icebergs and sea ice will move in the same direction，but the iceberg will move slower because of its underwater bulk
考题
单选题The scientists are not sure_______.A
how long the ice age lastedB
where ice sheets melted during the ice ageC
what caused the temperature changesD
what the earth is made up of
考题
单选题You are on an ice-reinforced vessel about to enter packice. You should（）.A
enter the pack on the windward side where there is a well defined ice edgeB
trim to an even keel or slightly down by the bow to take maximum benefit of the ice reinforcementC
take maximum advantage of coastal leads caused by offshore windsD
look for areas of rotten ice and enter perpendicular to the ice edge
考题
单选题The North Pole is surrounded by land, while the South Pole is surrounded by the Antarctic Ocean.So scientists thought that______.A
most of the ice melted in the Northern hemisphereB
most of the ice melted in the Southern hemisphereC
The North Pole is colder than the South PoleD
The South Pole is colder than the North Pole
考题
单选题Between 65,000 and 35,000 years ago,______.A
the temperature changed a lotB
the earth was much warmer than it is nowC
winter isn't colder than summerD
most of the ice that melted was in the Northern hemisphere during the 30,000-year long ice age
考题
问答题Scientists have long assumed that most of the ice that melted was in the Northern hemisphere（半球） during the 30,000-year long ice age.
考题
单选题Which of the following is the best title for the passage ?A
A computer modelB
Studies show ice melted equally in the North and the South during the ice ageC
Most of the ice melted in the Northern hemisphere during the 30,000-year long ice ageD
A survey result
考题
单选题According to the passage, which of the following is true of the ratios of oxygen isotopes in ocean sediments?A
They indicate that sediments found during an ice age contain more calcium carbonate than sediments formed at other times.B
They are less reliable than the evidence from rocks on land in determining the volume of land ice.C
They can be used to deduce the relative volume of land ice that was present when the sediment was laid down.D
They are more unpredictable during an ice age than in other climatic conditions.E
They can be used to determine atmospheric conditions at various times in the past.
考题
单选题A light，feathery deposit of ice caused by the sublimation of water vapor directly into the crystalline form，on objects whose temperatures are below freezing，is called（）.A
dewB
frostC
glazeD
snow
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