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Defending the Theory of Evolution Still Seems Needed
Judith S. Weis, a biology professor who serves as president of the American Institute of Biological Sciences (AIBS) is leading a nationwide effort to "defend" the theory of evolution. Weis leads the effort in the face of what the institute views as opposition and indifference from school boards and government entities.
The Institute believes that the teaching of evolution in America is being diminished by the teaching of creationism as well as by an overall lack of teaching Darwin's theory in high school. "There's nothing that requires schools to teach evolution. Sometimes teachers in high schools just leave it out. However from the point of view of biologists, evolution is the central theory of biology upon which everything is based," said Weis. "Unfortunately, teaching evolution has become a political issue in many parts of the country and AIBS, as a representative of biologists, wanted to be a major force speaking out in favor of its teaching. "
Weis said the institute is working together with the American Geological Institute and the National Association of Biology Teachers and its 80-plus member organizations to address" the political and legislative threats to teaching evolution. In states challenging its teaching, the institute responds by sending letters to school boards and state legislatures, by providing testimony at public meetings and by notifying members and affiliated organizations. AIBS, with more than 80 member societies and 250,000 members, has established an email system enabling scientists and teachers in each state, and member societies, to keep each other informed about threats to the teaching of evolution.
Darwin's theory of evolution holds that living things change and adapt to their environment and that present-day species ( including human beings) are descended from earlier species through modification by natural selection. The theory has been accepted by scientists for nearly 100 years, Weis said, and has been refined, extended and strengthened over the years by findings in paleontology and developmental biology. Discoveries in genetics, molecular biology and genomics—all of which provide significant benefits for human health—would not be possible without the underlying knowledge of evolution. And, Weis adds, "modem molecular biology and genomics have increased our understanding of how evolution works." Nonetheless, evolution remains a politically, if not scientifically, controversial issue.
Weis said that this year alone, seven states have had either local or statewide efforts to water down the teaching of evolution, or "balance" it with the teaching of creationism—a religious belief that different species were created separately by a higher power, such as God. "Rarely does anyone now use the word ' creationism, ' because that's too obvious," Weis said. "The current terminology is ' intelligent design. ' "
According to the first paragraph, which of the following statements about the theory or evolution is true?
A．Government entities support AIBS's effort to defend the theory of evolution.
B．School boards oppose AIBS's effort to defend the theory of evolution.
C．AIBS and school boards advocate the teaching of the theory of evolution.
D．The theory of evolution and that of creationism co-exist peacefully in schools.
参考答案
更多 “ Defending the Theory of Evolution Still Seems NeededJudith S. Weis, a biology professor who serves as president of the American Institute of Biological Sciences (AIBS) is leading a nationwide effort to "defend" the theory of evolution. Weis leads the effort in the face of what the institute views as opposition and indifference from school boards and government entities.The Institute believes that the teaching of evolution in America is being diminished by the teaching of creationism as well as by an overall lack of teaching Darwin's theory in high school. "There's nothing that requires schools to teach evolution. Sometimes teachers in high schools just leave it out. However from the point of view of biologists, evolution is the central theory of biology upon which everything is based," said Weis. "Unfortunately, teaching evolution has become a political issue in many parts of the country and AIBS, as a representative of biologists, wanted to be a major force speaking out in favor of its teaching. "Weis said the institute is working together with the American Geological Institute and the National Association of Biology Teachers and its 80-plus member organizations to address" the political and legislative threats to teaching evolution. In states challenging its teaching, the institute responds by sending letters to school boards and state legislatures, by providing testimony at public meetings and by notifying members and affiliated organizations. AIBS, with more than 80 member societies and 250,000 members, has established an email system enabling scientists and teachers in each state, and member societies, to keep each other informed about threats to the teaching of evolution.Darwin's theory of evolution holds that living things change and adapt to their environment and that present-day species ( including human beings) are descended from earlier species through modification by natural selection. The theory has been accepted by scientists for nearly 100 years, Weis said, and has been refined, extended and strengthened over the years by findings in paleontology and developmental biology. Discoveries in genetics, molecular biology and genomics—all of which provide significant benefits for human health—would not be possible without the underlying knowledge of evolution. And, Weis adds, "modem molecular biology and genomics have increased our understanding of how evolution works." Nonetheless, evolution remains a politically, if not scientifically, controversial issue.Weis said that this year alone, seven states have had either local or statewide efforts to water down the teaching of evolution, or "balance" it with the teaching of creationism—a religious belief that different species were created separately by a higher power, such as God. "Rarely does anyone now use the word ' creationism, ' because that's too obvious," Weis said. "The current terminology is ' intelligent design. ' "According to the first paragraph, which of the following statements about the theory or evolution is true?A．Government entities support AIBS's effort to defend the theory of evolution.B．School boards oppose AIBS's effort to defend the theory of evolution.C．AIBS and school boards advocate the teaching of the theory of evolution.D．The theory of evolution and that of creationism co-exist peacefully in schools. ” 相关考题
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A、clearB、obviousC、validD、true
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Part BDirections:Directions: In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions (41-45), choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution proposed by British naturalist Charles Darwin in the 1860s, British social philosopher Herbert Spencer put forward his own theory of biological and cultural evolution. Spencer argued that all worldly phenomena, including human societies, changed over time, advancing toward perfection. 41.____________.American social scientist Lewis Henry Morgan introduced another theory of cultural evolution in the late 1800s. Morgan, along with Tylor, was one of the founders of modern anthropology. In his work, he attempted to show how all aspects of culture changed together in the evolution of societies.42._____________.In the early 1900s in North America, German-born American anthropologist Franz Boas developed a new theory of culture known as historical particularism. Historical particularism, which emphasized the uniqueness of all cultures, gave new direction to anthropology. 43._____________ .Boas felt that the culture of any society must be understood as the result of a unique history and not as one of many cultures belonging to a broader evolutionary stage or type of culture. 44._______________.Historical particularism became a dominant approach to the study of culture in American anthropology, largely through the influence of many students of Boas. But a number of anthropologists in the early 1900s also rejected the particularist theory of culture in favor of diffusionism. Some attributed virtually every important cultural achievement to the inventions of a few, especially gifted peoples that, according to diffusionists, then spread to other cultures. 45.________________.Also in the early 1900s, French sociologist émile Durkheim developed a theory of culture that would greatly influence anthropology. Durkheim proposed that religious beliefs functioned to reinforce social solidarity. An interest in the relationship between the function of society and culture—known as functionalism—became a major theme in European, and especially British, anthropology.41._________[A] Other anthropologists believed that cultural innovations, such as inventions, had a single origin and passed from society to society. This theory was known as diffusionism.[B] In order to study particular cultures as completely as possible, Boas became skilled in linguistics, the study of languages, and in physical anthropology, the study of human biology and anatomy.[C] He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the “survival of the fittest,” in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies.[D] They also focused on important rituals that appeared to preserve a people’s social structure, such as initiation ceremonies that formally signify children’s entrance into adulthood.[E] Thus, in his view, diverse aspects of culture, such as the structure of families, forms of marriage, categories of kinship, ownership of property, forms of government, technology, and systems of food production, all changed as societies evolved.[F]Supporters of the theory viewed as a collection of integrated parts that work together to keep a society functioning.[G] For example, British anthropologists Grafton Elliot Smith and W. J. Perry incorrectly suggested, on the basis of inadequate information, that farming, pottery making, and metallurgy all originated in ancient Egypt and diffused throughout the world. In fact, all of these cultural developments occurred separately at different times in many parts of the world.
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Which one of the following is NOT the reason for an overall lack of teaching Darwin's theory?A．Teaching of creationism diminishes teaching of evolution.B．Teachers are not required to teach Darwin's theory.C．teachers often leave out the teaching of evolution.D．Darwin's theory is denied as the central theory of biology.
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According to Weis in the 5th paragraph, the theory of evolution ______.A．is fundamental to the development of modem genetics, molecular biology and geonomicsB．is a political issueC．is based on genetics, molecular biology and geonomicsD．has increased our understanding of human health
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根据下列文章，回答41～45题。Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions (41～45), choose the most suitable one from the list AG to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution proposed by British naturalist Charles Darwin in the 1860s, British social philosopher Herbert Spencer put forward his own theory of biological and cultural evolution. Spencer argued that all worldly phenomena, including human societies, changed over time, advancing toward perfection. ______（41）______ .American social scientist Lewis Henry Morgan introduced another theory of cultural evolution in the late 1800s. Morgan, along with Tylor, was one of the founders of modern anthropology. In his work, he attempted to show how all aspects of culture changed together in the evolution of societies.______（42）______ .In the early 1900s in North America, Germanborn American anthropologist Franz Boas developed a new theory of culture known as historical particularism. Historical particularism, which emphasized the uniqueness of all cultures, gave new direction to anthropology._____（43）______.Boas felt that the culture of any society must be understood as the result of a unique history and not as one of many cultures belonging to a broader evolutionary stage or type of culture. ______（44）______.Historical particularism became a dominant approach to the study of culture in American anthropology, largely through the influence of many students of Boas. But a number of anthropologists in the early 1900s also rejected the particularist theory of culture in favor of diffusionism. Some attributed virtually every important cultural achievement to the inventions of a few, especially gifted peoples that, according to diffusionists, then spread to other cultures.______（45）______.Also in the early 1900s, French sociologist Emile Durkheim developed a theory of culture that would greatly influence anthropology. Durkheim proposed that religious beliefs functioned to reinforce social solidarity. An interest in the relationship between the function of society and culture—known as functionalism—became a major theme in European, and especially British, anthropology.A．Other anthropologists believed that cultural innovations, such as inventions, had a single origin and passed from society to society. This theory was known as diffusionism.B．In order to study particular cultures as completely as possible, Boas became skilled in linguistics, the study of languages, and in physical anthropology, the study of human biology and anatomy.C．He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the “survival of the fittest,” in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies.D．They also focused on important rituals that appeared to preserve a people’s social structure, such as initiation ceremonies that formally signify children’s entrance into adulthood.E．Thus, in his view, diverse aspects of culture, such as the structure of families, forms of marriage, categories of kinship, ownership of property, forms of government, technology, and systems of food production, all changed as societies evolved.F．Supporters of the theory viewed as a collection of integrated parts that work together to keep a society functioning.G．For example, British anthropologists Grafton Elliot Smith and W. J. Perry incorrectly suggested, on the basis of inadequate information, that farming, pottery making, and metallurgy all originated in ancient Egypt and diffused throughout the world. In fact, all of these cultural developments occurred se请选择(41)处最佳答案（ ）。{Page}
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Which collocation is not right?()
A.Acculturation Theory & ShuamannB.Accommodation Theory & Del HymesC.Interlanguage Theory & SelinkerD.Universal Grammar & Chomsky
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The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds ___________ his arguments in favor of the new theory.A.on which to base
B.which to base on
C.to base on
D.to be based on
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Premises that are related to each other seems to be dispensable because .A. Kant thinks they are indispensable
B. either of them can resolve the paradox
C. the premises are separated
D. the premises can account for the theory
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Is the theory of evolution in direct ____ with religious teachings ,or does it leave room for debate?
A. comparison
B. distinction
C. disturbance
D. contradiction
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In no way__from practice.A.theory can be separated
B.theory is separated
C.can theory be separated
D.has theory been separated
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共用题干
"Happy Birthday to You"The main problem in discussing American popular culture is also one of its main characteristics:it won't stay American.No matter what it is,whether it is films,food and fashion,music,casual sports or slang, it's soon at home elsewhere in the world.There are several theories why American popular culture has had this appeal.One theory is that it has been"advertised"and marketed through American films,popular music,and more recently,television.________(46)They are,after all,in competition with those produced by other countries. Another theory,probably a more common one,is that American popular culture is internationally associ-ted with something called"the spirit of America"._______(47)The final theory is less complex:American popular culture is popular because a lot of people in theworld like it.Regardless of why it spreads,American popular culture is usually quite rapidly adopted and then adapted in many other countries.________(48)"Happy Birthday to You",for instance,is such an everyday song tha its source,its American copyright,so to speak,is not remembered.Black leather jackets worn by many heroe in American movies could be found,a generation later,on all those young men who wanted to make this manly-look their own.Two areas where this continuing process is most clearly seen are clothing and music.Some people canstill remember a time when T-shirts,jogging clothes,tennis shoes,denim jackets,and blue jeans were notcommon daily wear everywhere.Only twenty years ago,it was possible to spot an American in Paris by his or her clothes.No longer so:Those bright colors,checkered jackets and trousers,hats and socks which were once made fun of in cartoons are back again in Paris as the latest fashion._____(49)The situation with American popular music is more complex because in the beginning,when it was still clearly American,it was often strongly resisted.Jazz was once thought to be a great danger to youth and their morals,and was actually outlawed in several countries.Today,while still showing its rather American roots, has become so well established.Rock 'n' roll and all its variations,country & western music,all have moi or less similar histories.They were first resisted,often in America as well,as being"low-class",and then: "a danger to our nation's youth".______(50)And then the music became accepted and was extende and developed,and exported back to the US.46.________（46）A.As a result,its American origins and roots are often quickly forgotten.B.But this theory fails to explain why American films,music,and television programs are so popular in then selves.C.American in origin,informal clothing has become the world's first truly universal style.D.The BBC,for example,banned rock and roll until 1962.E.American food has become popular around the world,too.F.This spirit is variously described as being young and free,optimistic and confident,informal and disrespectfu.________（48）A:As a result,its American origins and roots are often quickly forgotten.B:But this theory fails to explain why American films,music,and television programs are so popular in then selves.C:American in origin,informal clothing has become the world's first truly universal style.D:The BBC,for example,banned rock and roll until 1962.E:American food has become popular around the world,too.F:This spirit is variously described as being young and free,optimistic and confident,informal and disrespectfu.
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John is reading an interesting book on evolution theory which was written by Charles Darwin，who was a British naturalist who developed a theory of evolution based on natural selection.What design feature of language is reflected in the example？( ) A.Creativity
B.Arbitrariness
C.Displacement
D.Duality
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LTE的缩写是？（）A、Long Term Evolution，B、Long Time Evolution，C、Long Time Equip，D、Last Term Evolution.
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单选题Who influenced the Founding Fathers by his theory of division of powers?A
John LockeB
MontesquieuC
Benjamin FranklinD
George Washington
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单选题It seems that the author of this passage ______.A
is one of Freud’s devoteesB
believes in both Animism and ZoroastrianismC
thinks that Freudian theory is soundD
thinks that the truth is not in the hand of Freud
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单选题The author of Passage 2. most likely thinks that macroevolution ______.A
explains the dysfunctional genes present in hemoglobinB
has been proved to be true by scientific investigationsC
is a theory that lacks sufficient evidenceD
has never taken place on any scaleE
provides insight into our biological cousins
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单选题The impact of Darwin’s evolutionary theory on the American thought and the influence of the nineteenth-century French literature on the American men of letters gave rise to yet another school of realism: American _____.A
local colorismB
vernacularismC
modernismD
naturalism
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单选题It seems to me that his suggestion is _____ though it sounds excellent in theory.A
impracticableB
impassableC
insolubleD
inaccessible
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单选题The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds ______ his arguments in favor of the new theory.A
on which he could baseB
which to base onC
to base onD
to be based on
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问答题The devastating failure of the experiment surprised the scientists, who were expecting a successive outcome to A B Cconfirm their theory. No error D E
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单选题The passage proceeds by ______.A
presenting a difficulty in one aspect of understanding a theory, suggesting why one solution was dismissed, and then looking at a specific example to support this dismissalB
presenting a difficulty in one aspect of understanding a theory, suggesting why one solution was dismissed, and then offering evidence to support a new theoryC
presenting a difficulty in one aspect of understanding a theory, suggesting that another theory is superior, and then showing why this second theory should be acceptedD
presenting a difficulty in one aspect of understanding a theory, suggesting a new theory to explain the evidence, and then offering evidence that the dismissal was too hastyE
presenting a difficulty in one aspect of understanding a theory, suggesting why one solution was dismissed, and then offering evidence that the dismissal was too hasty Questions
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