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共用题干
More about Alzheimer's Disease
Scientists have developed skin tests that may be used in the future to identify people with Alzheimer's disease and may ultimately allow physicians to predict who is at risk of get-ting this neurological disorder.
The only current means of diagnosing the disease in a living patient is a long and expen-sive series of tests that eliminate every other cause of dementia.
“Since Aloes Alzheimer described the disease nearly a century ago,people have been trying to find a way to accurately diagnose it in its early stages,“said Patricia Grady,acting director of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke in Bethesda,Mary-land."This discovery,if confirmed,could prove a big step forward in our efforts to deal with and understand the disease.”
Alzheimer's is the single greatest cause of mental deterioration in older people,affecting between 2.5 million and 4 million people in the United States alone. The devastating disorder gradually destroys memory and the ability to function,and eventually causes death. There is currently no known treatment for the disease.
Researches discovered that the skin cells of Alzheimer's patients have defects that inter-fere with their ability to regulate the flow of potassium in and out of the cells.The fact that the cell defects are present in the skin suggests that Alzheimer's results from physiological changes throughout the body,and that dementia may be the first noticeable effect of these changes as the defects affect the cells in the brain,scientists said.
The flow of potassium is especially critical in cells responsible for memory formation. The scientists also found two other defects that affect the cells'supply of calcium,another critical element.
One test developed by researches calls for growing skin cells in a laboratory culture and then testing them with an electrical detector to determine if the microscopic tunnels that govemn the flow of potassium are open. Open potassium channels create a unique electrical signature.
A spokesman for the Alzheimer's Association said that if the validity of the diagnostic
test can be proven it would be an important development,but cautioned that other promising
tests for Alzheimer's have been disappointing.
More about Alzheimer's Disease
Scientists have developed skin tests that may be used in the future to identify people with Alzheimer's disease and may ultimately allow physicians to predict who is at risk of get-ting this neurological disorder.
The only current means of diagnosing the disease in a living patient is a long and expen-sive series of tests that eliminate every other cause of dementia.
“Since Aloes Alzheimer described the disease nearly a century ago,people have been trying to find a way to accurately diagnose it in its early stages,“said Patricia Grady,acting director of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke in Bethesda,Mary-land."This discovery,if confirmed,could prove a big step forward in our efforts to deal with and understand the disease.”
Alzheimer's is the single greatest cause of mental deterioration in older people,affecting between 2.5 million and 4 million people in the United States alone. The devastating disorder gradually destroys memory and the ability to function,and eventually causes death. There is currently no known treatment for the disease.
Researches discovered that the skin cells of Alzheimer's patients have defects that inter-fere with their ability to regulate the flow of potassium in and out of the cells.The fact that the cell defects are present in the skin suggests that Alzheimer's results from physiological changes throughout the body,and that dementia may be the first noticeable effect of these changes as the defects affect the cells in the brain,scientists said.
The flow of potassium is especially critical in cells responsible for memory formation. The scientists also found two other defects that affect the cells'supply of calcium,another critical element.
One test developed by researches calls for growing skin cells in a laboratory culture and then testing them with an electrical detector to determine if the microscopic tunnels that govemn the flow of potassium are open. Open potassium channels create a unique electrical signature.
A spokesman for the Alzheimer's Association said that if the validity of the diagnostic
test can be proven it would be an important development,but cautioned that other promising
tests for Alzheimer's have been disappointing.
The newly developed skin tests may be used in the future to allow doctorsto______.
A:.cure those with Alzheimer's disease
B: discover the cause of Alzheimer's disease
C: predict who might get Alzheimer's disease
D: find the consequence of Alzheimer's disease
A:.cure those with Alzheimer's disease
B: discover the cause of Alzheimer's disease
C: predict who might get Alzheimer's disease
D: find the consequence of Alzheimer's disease
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解析：题干意为“通过采用采用皮肤化验的新方法，医生们将来可能会……”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语newly developed skin tests , in the future , doctors作为定位线索，在第 一段中找到相关句：Scientists have developed skin tests that may be used in the future to identify people with Alzheimer's disease and may ultimately allow physicians (doctors的近义词）to predict who is at risk of getting this neurological disorder．相关句提到“科学家们发现，采用皮肤化验的方法可以判断病人是否患有老年痴呆症，而且最终有助于医生预测哪些人有患上这种神经功能紊乱性疾病的危险”，由此可知答案为C项“预测谁会患老年痴呆症”。
题干意为“短文表明老年痴呆病是一种……疾病”。题干中没有细节信息词可以作用定位线索，备选项中的细节信息词也很少，利用备选项中的细节信息短语people, old and young作为定位线索，备选项中出现了大量的修饰词common“共有的”, costly“昂贵的”, easy“容易的”，也关注这些修饰词在短文中的出现情况，这样在第二段中找到相关句： The only current means of diagnosing the disease in a living patient is a long and expensive ( costly的近义词）series of tests that eliminate every other cause of dementia．相关句提到 “要诊断一个病人是否患有这类疾病，目前唯一的方法是进行一系列长期而昂贵的化验，以排除导致痴呆的其他病因”，这表明要诊断一个病人是否患有老年痴呆病病不是容易的事情，因此D项“不容易被确诊”是答案。
题干意为“关于老年痴来症的陈述哪个不正确？”题干中没有任何细节信息词可以利用，因此只能对备选项进行判断。（第四段）Alzheimer's is the single greatest cause of mental deterioration in older people,affecting between 2.5 million and 4 million people in the United States alone. The devastating disorder gradually destroys memory and the ability to function,and eventually causes death. There is currently no known treatment for the dis-ease．划线句提到“对于这种疾病（回指上文中提到的老年痴呆病）还没有已知的治疗方法”，这与D项“现在已经有很多方法可以用来治疗这种疾病”意义不一致。
题干意为“关于老年痴呆病和痴呆之间的关系，下面哪个选项陈述的意义正确？”利用题干中的细节信息词dementia作为定位线索，在第五段中找到相关句，相关句提到“科学家认为皮肤细胞有缺陷这个事实表明，老年痴呆是由人体全身的生理变化引起的，而且大脑细胞受损带来的变化所产生的最为明显的后果就是痴呆”。由此可知痴呆是老年痴呆症的一种症状表现，因此答案为A。
题干意为“最后一段暗示诊断性化验……”。最后一段发言人谈到这一实验的前途较为含蓄，只是说如果能证明有效自然是一大发展。但是提醒人们以前的实验看似很有前途，结果却令人失望。只有C项“可能被证实无效”符合这一段的蕴涵意义。
题干意为“短文表明老年痴呆病是一种……疾病”。题干中没有细节信息词可以作用定位线索，备选项中的细节信息词也很少，利用备选项中的细节信息短语people, old and young作为定位线索，备选项中出现了大量的修饰词common“共有的”, costly“昂贵的”, easy“容易的”，也关注这些修饰词在短文中的出现情况，这样在第二段中找到相关句： The only current means of diagnosing the disease in a living patient is a long and expensive ( costly的近义词）series of tests that eliminate every other cause of dementia．相关句提到 “要诊断一个病人是否患有这类疾病，目前唯一的方法是进行一系列长期而昂贵的化验，以排除导致痴呆的其他病因”，这表明要诊断一个病人是否患有老年痴呆病病不是容易的事情，因此D项“不容易被确诊”是答案。
题干意为“关于老年痴来症的陈述哪个不正确？”题干中没有任何细节信息词可以利用，因此只能对备选项进行判断。（第四段）Alzheimer's is the single greatest cause of mental deterioration in older people,affecting between 2.5 million and 4 million people in the United States alone. The devastating disorder gradually destroys memory and the ability to function,and eventually causes death. There is currently no known treatment for the dis-ease．划线句提到“对于这种疾病（回指上文中提到的老年痴呆病）还没有已知的治疗方法”，这与D项“现在已经有很多方法可以用来治疗这种疾病”意义不一致。
题干意为“关于老年痴呆病和痴呆之间的关系，下面哪个选项陈述的意义正确？”利用题干中的细节信息词dementia作为定位线索，在第五段中找到相关句，相关句提到“科学家认为皮肤细胞有缺陷这个事实表明，老年痴呆是由人体全身的生理变化引起的，而且大脑细胞受损带来的变化所产生的最为明显的后果就是痴呆”。由此可知痴呆是老年痴呆症的一种症状表现，因此答案为A。
题干意为“最后一段暗示诊断性化验……”。最后一段发言人谈到这一实验的前途较为含蓄，只是说如果能证明有效自然是一大发展。但是提醒人们以前的实验看似很有前途，结果却令人失望。只有C项“可能被证实无效”符合这一段的蕴涵意义。
更多 “共用题干 More about Alzheimer's DiseaseScientists have developed skin tests that may be used in the future to identify people with Alzheimer's disease and may ultimately allow physicians to predict who is at risk of get-ting this neurological disorder.The only current means of diagnosing the disease in a living patient is a long and expen-sive series of tests that eliminate every other cause of dementia.“Since Aloes Alzheimer described the disease nearly a century ago,people have been trying to find a way to accurately diagnose it in its early stages,“said Patricia Grady,acting director of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke in Bethesda,Mary-land."This discovery,if confirmed,could prove a big step forward in our efforts to deal with and understand the disease.”Alzheimer's is the single greatest cause of mental deterioration in older people,affecting between 2.5 million and 4 million people in the United States alone. The devastating disorder gradually destroys memory and the ability to function,and eventually causes death. There is currently no known treatment for the disease.Researches discovered that the skin cells of Alzheimer's patients have defects that inter-fere with their ability to regulate the flow of potassium in and out of the cells.The fact that the cell defects are present in the skin suggests that Alzheimer's results from physiological changes throughout the body,and that dementia may be the first noticeable effect of these changes as the defects affect the cells in the brain,scientists said.The flow of potassium is especially critical in cells responsible for memory formation. The scientists also found two other defects that affect the cells'supply of calcium,another critical element.One test developed by researches calls for growing skin cells in a laboratory culture and then testing them with an electrical detector to determine if the microscopic tunnels that govemn the flow of potassium are open. Open potassium channels create a unique electrical signature.A spokesman for the Alzheimer's Association said that if the validity of the diagnostictest can be proven it would be an important development,but cautioned that other promisingtests for Alzheimer's have been disappointing.The newly developed skin tests may be used in the future to allow doctorsto______.A:.cure those with Alzheimer's diseaseB: discover the cause of Alzheimer's diseaseC: predict who might get Alzheimer's diseaseD: find the consequence of Alzheimer's disease” 相关考题
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第二篇As we have seen,the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease一especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors,such as poor eating habits,smoking,and failure to exercise.The line of thought involved in this shift can be pursued further. Imagine a person who is about the right weight , but does not eat very nutritious（有营养的）foods , who feels OK but exercises only occasionally , who goes to work every day , but is not an outstanding worker,who drinks a few beers at home most nights but does not drive while drunk, and who has no chest pains or abnormal blood counts,but sleeps a lot and often feels tired.This person is not ill.He may not even be at risk for any particular disease.But we can imagine that this person could be a lot healthier.The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely "not ill" and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the body's special needs.Both types have simply been called "well".In recent years,however,some health specialists have begun to apply the terms "well" and "weilness" only to those who are actively striving to maintain and improve their body's condition.Most importantly,perhaps,people who are well take active responsibility for all matters related to their health.Even people who have a physical disease or handicap（缺陷）may be "well" ,in this new sense,if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations."Wellness" may perhaps best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve,but as an ideal that people can strive for. People who are well are likely to be better able to resist disease and to fight disease when it strikes.And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living,the concept of weilness can have a beneficial impact on the way in which people face the challenges of daily life.The first paragraph implies that_________.A:good health is more than not being illB:sleeping a lot could be harmfulC:regular health checks are essential to keeping fitD:prevention is more difficult than care
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第二篇As we have seen,the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease一especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors,such as poor eating habits,smoking,and failure to exercise.The line of thought involved in this shift can be pursued further. Imagine a person who is about the right weight , but does not eat very nutritious（有营养的）foods , who feels OK but exercises only occasionally , who goes to work every day , but is not an outstanding worker,who drinks a few beers at home most nights but does not drive while drunk, and who has no chest pains or abnormal blood counts,but sleeps a lot and often feels tired.This person is not ill.He may not even be at risk for any particular disease.But we can imagine that this person could be a lot healthier.The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely "not ill" and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the body's special needs.Both types have simply been called "well".In recent years,however,some health specialists have begun to apply the terms "well" and "weilness" only to those who are actively striving to maintain and improve their body's condition.Most importantly,perhaps,people who are well take active responsibility for all matters related to their health.Even people who have a physical disease or handicap（缺陷）may be "well" ,in this new sense,if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations."Wellness" may perhaps best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve,but as an ideal that people can strive for. People who are well are likely to be better able to resist disease and to fight disease when it strikes.And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living,the concept of weilness can have a beneficial impact on the way in which people face the challenges of daily life.We can learn from the passage that today medical care focuses on__________.A:curing disease and keeping people in healthy physical conditionsB:monitoring patients' body functionsC:removing peoples' bad living habitsD:ensuring peoples' psychological well-being
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第二篇As we have seen,the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease一especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors,such as poor eating habits,smoking,and failure to exercise.The line of thought involved in this shift can be pursued further. Imagine a person who is about the right weight , but does not eat very nutritious（有营养的）foods , who feels OK but exercises only occasionally , who goes to work every day , but is not an outstanding worker,who drinks a few beers at home most nights but does not drive while drunk, and who has no chest pains or abnormal blood counts,but sleeps a lot and often feels tired.This person is not ill.He may not even be at risk for any particular disease.But we can imagine that this person could be a lot healthier.The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely "not ill" and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the body's special needs.Both types have simply been called "well".In recent years,however,some health specialists have begun to apply the terms "well" and "weilness" only to those who are actively striving to maintain and improve their body's condition.Most importantly,perhaps,people who are well take active responsibility for all matters related to their health.Even people who have a physical disease or handicap（缺陷）may be "well" ,in this new sense,if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations."Wellness" may perhaps best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve,but as an ideal that people can strive for. People who are well are likely to be better able to resist disease and to fight disease when it strikes.And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living,the concept of weilness can have a beneficial impact on the way in which people face the challenges of daily life.What is the author's purpose in writing this article?A: To criticize the traditional view of the medical care.B:To compare the differences between the modern medical care and the traditional medical care.C:To tell us the change of the focus of medical care.D:To tell us the importance of the medical care.
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第二篇As we have seen,the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease一especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors,such as poor eating habits,smoking,and failure to exercise.The line of thought involved in this shift can be pursued further. Imagine a person who is about the right weight , but does not eat very nutritious（有营养的）foods , who feels OK but exercises only occasionally , who goes to work every day , but is not an outstanding worker,who drinks a few beers at home most nights but does not drive while drunk, and who has no chest pains or abnormal blood counts,but sleeps a lot and often feels tired.This person is not ill.He may not even be at risk for any particular disease.But we can imagine that this person could be a lot healthier.The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely "not ill" and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the body's special needs.Both types have simply been called "well".In recent years,however,some health specialists have begun to apply the terms "well" and "weilness" only to those who are actively striving to maintain and improve their body's condition.Most importantly,perhaps,people who are well take active responsibility for all matters related to their health.Even people who have a physical disease or handicap（缺陷）may be "well" ,in this new sense,if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations."Wellness" may perhaps best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve,but as an ideal that people can strive for. People who are well are likely to be better able to resist disease and to fight disease when it strikes.And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living,the concept of weilness can have a beneficial impact on the way in which people face the challenges of daily life.According to the second paragraph about the traditional care,which statement is true?A:if the person does not have' any unhealthy living habits,he is considered "well".B:If the person does not have any psychological disease,he is considererd "well".C:If the person could be able to handle his daily routines,he is considererd "well".D:If the nerson could be free from any kind of disease.he is considererd "well".
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Most Adults in U.S.Have Low Risk of Heart DiseaseMore than 80 percent of U .S.adults have a less than 10-percent risk of developing heart dis- ease in the next 10 years,according to a report in the Journal of the American College of Cardiolo-gy（心脏病学）.Just 3 percent have a risk that exceeds 20 percent.“I hope that these numbers will give physicians,researchers,health policy analysts,and others a better idea of how coronary（心脏冠状动脉的）heart disease is distributed in the U. S. population ,” lead（带头的）author Dr. Earl S. Ford , from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta,said in a statement.The findings are based on analysis of data from 13,769 subjects,between 20 and 79 years of age , who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition（营养的供给）Examination Sur- vey from 1988 to 1994.Overall,82 percent of adults had a risk of less than 10 percent,15 percent had a risk that fell between 10 to 20 percent and 3 percent had a risk above 20 percent,The proportion of subjects in the highest risk group increased with advancing age,and men were more likely than women to be in this group. By contrast, race or ethnicity（种族划分）had little effect on risk distributions.Although the report suggests that most adults have a low 10-year risk of heart disease,a large proportion have a high or immediate risk,Dr. Daniel S .Berman,from Cedars-Sinai Medi- cal Center in Los Angeles,and Dr. Nathan D.Wong,from the University of California at Irvine, note in a related editorial.Aggressive treatment measures and public health strategies are needed to shift the overall population risk downward,they add.Which of the following statements is NOT right?A:The 10-year risk of heart disease is low for most U.S.adult.B: Elderly people have a higher risk of heart disease than younger people.C: Women have a higher risk of heart disease than man.D: The distribution of the risk of heart disease are hardly related to race.
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第二篇As we have seen,the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease一especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors,such as poor eating habits,smoking,and failure to exercise.The line of thought involved in this shift can be pursued further. Imagine a person who is about the right weight , but does not eat very nutritious（有营养的）foods , who feels OK but exercises only occasionally , who goes to work every day , but is not an outstanding worker,who drinks a few beers at home most nights but does not drive while drunk, and who has no chest pains or abnormal blood counts,but sleeps a lot and often feels tired.This person is not ill.He may not even be at risk for any particular disease.But we can imagine that this person could be a lot healthier.The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely "not ill" and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the body's special needs.Both types have simply been called "well".In recent years,however,some health specialists have begun to apply the terms "well" and "weilness" only to those who are actively striving to maintain and improve their body's condition.Most importantly,perhaps,people who are well take active responsibility for all matters related to their health.Even people who have a physical disease or handicap（缺陷）may be "well" ,in this new sense,if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations."Wellness" may perhaps best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve,but as an ideal that people can strive for. People who are well are likely to be better able to resist disease and to fight disease when it strikes.And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living,the concept of weilness can have a beneficial impact on the way in which people face the challenges of daily life.According to the author,the true meaning of"weilness"is for people_________.A:to best satisfy their body's special needsB:to strive to maintain the best possible healthC:to meet the strictest standards of bodily healthD:to keep a proper balance between work and leisure
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第三篇Cheating is when a person misleads,deceives,or acts dishonestly on purpose.For kids,cheating may happen at school,at home,or while playing a sport.A new study finds that most high school students say they have cheated on tests and homework.This study showed that 89 percent said glancing at someone else's answers during a test was cheating,but 87 percent said they'd done that at least once.Also,94 percent said providing answers to someone during a test was cheating,but 74 percent admitted to doing it.Cheating can happen in a lot of different ways.You can do it by sneaking answers to a test,but it's also cheating to break the rules of a game or contest or to pretend something is yours when it isn't. When people cheat,it's not fair to other people,like the kids who studied for the test or who were the true winners of a game or contest. If students today want to cheat,they have a more insidious tool at their disposal:cellphones.More than one third of teens with cellphones admit to having stored information on them to look at during a test or texting friends about answers.Some kids cheat because they're busy or lazy and they want to get good grades without spending the time studying. Other kids might feel like they can't pass the test without cheating. Even when there seems to be a "good reason"for cheating,cheating isn't a good idea. Kids who cheat may feel worried about getting caught.Whether they are caught or not,these kids may feel guilty,or embarrassed,or ashamed,or all three.Teachers can ban cell phones in exams and principals can suspend or expel students who cheat,but it's important to know if students continue to cheat they will have a lot of problems in the future.What do the statistics in the second paragraph indicate?A:Most students are honest.B:Cheating in school is a serious problem.C:In a test,providing answers to others is more serious than glancing at people's answers.D:Tests are difficult.
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第三篇Cheating is when a person misleads,deceives,or acts dishonestly on purpose.For kids,cheating may happen at school,at home,or while playing a sport.A new study finds that most high school students say they have cheated on tests and homework.This study showed that 89 percent said glancing at someone else's answers during a test was cheating,but 87 percent said they'd done that at least once.Also,94 percent said providing answers to someone during a test was cheating,but 74 percent admitted to doing it.Cheating can happen in a lot of different ways.You can do it by sneaking answers to a test,but it's also cheating to break the rules of a game or contest or to pretend something is yours when it isn't. When people cheat,it's not fair to other people,like the kids who studied for the test or who were the true winners of a game or contest. If students today want to cheat,they have a more insidious tool at their disposal:cellphones.More than one third of teens with cellphones admit to having stored information on them to look at during a test or texting friends about answers.Some kids cheat because they're busy or lazy and they want to get good grades without spending the time studying. Other kids might feel like they can't pass the test without cheating. Even when there seems to be a "good reason"for cheating,cheating isn't a good idea. Kids who cheat may feel worried about getting caught.Whether they are caught or not,these kids may feel guilty,or embarrassed,or ashamed,or all three.Teachers can ban cell phones in exams and principals can suspend or expel students who cheat,but it's important to know if students continue to cheat they will have a lot of problems in the future.Which of the following statements is true?A:Schools can do nothing about students cheating in exams.B:Students shouldn't be allowed to use cellphones.C:Students who cheat in tests may have negative emotions.D:If there is a good reason,people can cheat.
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More About Alzheimer's DiseaseScientists have developed skin tests that may be used in the future to identify people with Alzheimer's disease and may ultimately allow physicians to predict_______(51)is at risk of getting this neurological disorder.The only current means of_____(52)the disease in a living patient is a long and expensive series of tests that eliminate every other cause of dementia（痴呆）."Since Alois Alzheimer described the_____(53)nearly a century ago,people have been trying to find a way to_____(54)diagnose it in its early stages,"said Patricia Grady,acting director of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke in Bethesda,Maryland."This discovery,if_____(55),could prove a big step forward in our efforts to deal with and understand the disease."Alzheimer ' 5 is the single greatest _________ ( 56 ) of mental deterioration（退化）in older people, affecting between 2.5 million and 4 million people in the United States_____(57).The devastating disorder gradually destroys memory and the ability to function,and eventually causes death.There is currently no known______（58)for the disease.Researches______(59)that the skin cells of Alzheimer's patients have defects that interfere with their ability to regulate the flow of potassium（钾）in and out of the cells.The fact that the cell defects are present in the skin suggests that Alzheimer's______(60)from physiological changes throughout the body,and that dementia may be the first noticeable effect of these changes as the defects______(61)the cells in the brain,scientists said.The flow of potassium is especially______(62)in cells responsible for memory formation.The scientists also found two other defects that affect the cells'supply, of calcium（钙）,another critical element.One test developed by researches calls______(63)growing skin cells in a laboratory culture and then testing them with an electrical detector to determine if the microscopic tunnels that_______(64)the flow of potassium are open.Open potassium channels create a unique electrical signature.A spokesman for the Alzheimer's Association said that if the validity of the diagnostic test can be proven it would be an important______(65),but cautioned that other promising tests for Alzheimer's have been disappointing._________51A:what B:oneC:itD:who
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第一篇More About Alzheimer' s DiseaseScientists have developed skin tests that may be used in the future to identify people with Alzheimer's disease and may ultimately allow physicians to predict who is at risk of getting this neurological （神经病学的）disorder.The only current means of diagnosing the disease in a living patient is a long and expensive series of tests that eliminate every other cause of dementia."Since Alois Alzheimer described the disease nearly a century ago,people have been trying to find a way to accurately diagnose it in its early stages,"said Patricia Grady,acting director of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke in Bethesda,Maryland."This discovery,if confirmed,could prove a big step forward in our efforts to deal with and understand the disease."Alzheimer's is the single greatest cause of mental deterioration in older people,affecting between 2.5 million and 4 million people in the United States alone.The devastating disorder gradually destroys memory and the ability to function,and eventually causes death. There is currently no known treatment for the disease.Researchers discovered that the skin cells of Alzheimer's patients have defects that interfere with their ability to regulate the flow of potassium in and out of the cells.The fact that the cell defects are present in the skin suggests that Alzheimer's results from physiological changes throughout the body,and that dementia may be the first noticeable effect of these changes as the defects affect the cells in the brain,scientists said.The flow of potassium is especially critical in cells responsible for memory formation.The scientists also found two other defects that affect the cells' supply of calcium,another critical element.One test developed by researches calls for growing skin cells in a laboratory culture and then testing them with an electrical detector to determine if the microscopic tunnels that govern the flow of potassium are open.Open potassium channels create a unique electrical signature.A spokesman for the Alzheimer's Association said that if the validity of the diagnostic test can be proven it would be an important development,but he cautioned that other promising tests for Alzheimer's have been disappointing.The last paragraph implies that the diagnostic test________.A:will not be as promising as othersB:is a very important developmentC:may not be proven valid smoothlyD:will surely be disappointing in the end
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More About Alzheimer's DiseaseScientists have developed skin tests that may be used in the future to identify people with Alzheimer's disease and may ultimately allow physicians to predict_______(51)is at risk of getting this neurological disorder.The only current means of_____(52)the disease in a living patient is a long and expensive series of tests that eliminate every other cause of dementia（痴呆）."Since Alois Alzheimer described the_____(53)nearly a century ago,people have been trying to find a way to_____(54)diagnose it in its early stages,"said Patricia Grady,acting director of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke in Bethesda,Maryland."This discovery,if_____(55),could prove a big step forward in our efforts to deal with and understand the disease."Alzheimer ' 5 is the single greatest _________ ( 56 ) of mental deterioration（退化）in older people, affecting between 2.5 million and 4 million people in the United States_____(57).The devastating disorder gradually destroys memory and the ability to function,and eventually causes death.There is currently no known______（58)for the disease.Researches______(59)that the skin cells of Alzheimer's patients have defects that interfere with their ability to regulate the flow of potassium（钾）in and out of the cells.The fact that the cell defects are present in the skin suggests that Alzheimer's______(60)from physiological changes throughout the body,and that dementia may be the first noticeable effect of these changes as the defects______(61)the cells in the brain,scientists said.The flow of potassium is especially______(62)in cells responsible for memory formation.The scientists also found two other defects that affect the cells'supply, of calcium（钙）,another critical element.One test developed by researches calls______(63)growing skin cells in a laboratory culture and then testing them with an electrical detector to determine if the microscopic tunnels that_______(64)the flow of potassium are open.Open potassium channels create a unique electrical signature.A spokesman for the Alzheimer's Association said that if the validity of the diagnostic test can be proven it would be an important______(65),but cautioned that other promising tests for Alzheimer's have been disappointing._________60A:keeps B:breaks C:results D:translates
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第一篇More About Alzheimer' s DiseaseScientists have developed skin tests that may be used in the future to identify people with Alzheimer's disease and may ultimately allow physicians to predict who is at risk of getting this neurological （神经病学的）disorder.The only current means of diagnosing the disease in a living patient is a long and expensive series of tests that eliminate every other cause of dementia."Since Alois Alzheimer described the disease nearly a century ago,people have been trying to find a way to accurately diagnose it in its early stages,"said Patricia Grady,acting director of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke in Bethesda,Maryland."This discovery,if confirmed,could prove a big step forward in our efforts to deal with and understand the disease."Alzheimer's is the single greatest cause of mental deterioration in older people,affecting between 2.5 million and 4 million people in the United States alone.The devastating disorder gradually destroys memory and the ability to function,and eventually causes death. There is currently no known treatment for the disease.Researchers discovered that the skin cells of Alzheimer's patients have defects that interfere with their ability to regulate the flow of potassium in and out of the cells.The fact that the cell defects are present in the skin suggests that Alzheimer's results from physiological changes throughout the body,and that dementia may be the first noticeable effect of these changes as the defects affect the cells in the brain,scientists said.The flow of potassium is especially critical in cells responsible for memory formation.The scientists also found two other defects that affect the cells' supply of calcium,another critical element.One test developed by researches calls for growing skin cells in a laboratory culture and then testing them with an electrical detector to determine if the microscopic tunnels that govern the flow of potassium are open.Open potassium channels create a unique electrical signature.A spokesman for the Alzheimer's Association said that if the validity of the diagnostic test can be proven it would be an important development,but he cautioned that other promising tests for Alzheimer's have been disappointing.Which of the following statements about the Alzheimer's disease is NOT true?A:It was so named because Alois Alzheimer first described it.B:It is the greatest cause of mental deterioration in older people.C:It can gradually destroy memory and eventually cause death.D:There are many ways to deal with and cure the disease now.
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More about Alzheimer's DiseaseScientists have developed skin tests that may be used in the future to identify people with Alzheimer's disease and may ultimately allow physicians to predict who is at risk of get-ting this neurological disorder.The only current means of diagnosing the disease in a living patient is a long and expen-sive series of tests that eliminate every other cause of dementia.“Since Aloes Alzheimer described the disease nearly a century ago,people have been trying to find a way to accurately diagnose it in its early stages,“said Patricia Grady,acting director of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke in Bethesda,Mary-land."This discovery,if confirmed,could prove a big step forward in our efforts to deal with and understand the disease.”Alzheimer's is the single greatest cause of mental deterioration in older people,affecting between 2.5 million and 4 million people in the United States alone. The devastating disorder gradually destroys memory and the ability to function,and eventually causes death. There is currently no known treatment for the disease.Researches discovered that the skin cells of Alzheimer's patients have defects that inter-fere with their ability to regulate the flow of potassium in and out of the cells.The fact that the cell defects are present in the skin suggests that Alzheimer's results from physiological changes throughout the body,and that dementia may be the first noticeable effect of these changes as the defects affect the cells in the brain,scientists said.The flow of potassium is especially critical in cells responsible for memory formation. The scientists also found two other defects that affect the cells'supply of calcium,another critical element.One test developed by researches calls for growing skin cells in a laboratory culture and then testing them with an electrical detector to determine if the microscopic tunnels that govemn the flow of potassium are open. Open potassium channels create a unique electrical signature.A spokesman for the Alzheimer's Association said that if the validity of the diagnostictest can be proven it would be an important development,but cautioned that other promisingtests for Alzheimer's have been disappointing.The passage indicates that Alzheimer's is a disease______.A: common to people,old and youngB: not costly to be curedC: easy to be handledD: not easy to be diagnosed
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More about Alzheimer's DiseaseScientists have developed skin tests that may be used in the future to identify people with Alzheimer's disease and may ultimately allow physicians to predict who is at risk of get-ting this neurological disorder.The only current means of diagnosing the disease in a living patient is a long and expen-sive series of tests that eliminate every other cause of dementia.“Since Aloes Alzheimer described the disease nearly a century ago,people have been trying to find a way to accurately diagnose it in its early stages,“said Patricia Grady,acting director of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke in Bethesda,Mary-land."This discovery,if confirmed,could prove a big step forward in our efforts to deal with and understand the disease.”Alzheimer's is the single greatest cause of mental deterioration in older people,affecting between 2.5 million and 4 million people in the United States alone. The devastating disorder gradually destroys memory and the ability to function,and eventually causes death. There is currently no known treatment for the disease.Researches discovered that the skin cells of Alzheimer's patients have defects that inter-fere with their ability to regulate the flow of potassium in and out of the cells.The fact that the cell defects are present in the skin suggests that Alzheimer's results from physiological changes throughout the body,and that dementia may be the first noticeable effect of these changes as the defects affect the cells in the brain,scientists said.The flow of potassium is especially critical in cells responsible for memory formation. The scientists also found two other defects that affect the cells'supply of calcium,another critical element.One test developed by researches calls for growing skin cells in a laboratory culture and then testing them with an electrical detector to determine if the microscopic tunnels that govemn the flow of potassium are open. Open potassium channels create a unique electrical signature.A spokesman for the Alzheimer's Association said that if the validity of the diagnostictest can be proven it would be an important development,but cautioned that other promisingtests for Alzheimer's have been disappointing.Which of the following statements about the Alzheimer's disease is NOT true?A: It was so named because Aloes Alzheimer first described it.B: It is the greatest cause of mental deterioration in older people.C: It can destroy memory gradually and eventually cause death.D: There are many ways to deal with and cure the disease now.
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More about Alzheimer's DiseaseScientists have developed skin tests that may be used in the future to identify people with Alzheimer's disease and may ultimately allow physicians to predict who is at risk of get-ting this neurological disorder.The only current means of diagnosing the disease in a living patient is a long and expen-sive series of tests that eliminate every other cause of dementia.“Since Aloes Alzheimer described the disease nearly a century ago,people have been trying to find a way to accurately diagnose it in its early stages,“said Patricia Grady,acting director of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke in Bethesda,Mary-land."This discovery,if confirmed,could prove a big step forward in our efforts to deal with and understand the disease.”Alzheimer's is the single greatest cause of mental deterioration in older people,affecting between 2.5 million and 4 million people in the United States alone. The devastating disorder gradually destroys memory and the ability to function,and eventually causes death. There is currently no known treatment for the disease.Researches discovered that the skin cells of Alzheimer's patients have defects that inter-fere with their ability to regulate the flow of potassium in and out of the cells.The fact that the cell defects are present in the skin suggests that Alzheimer's results from physiological changes throughout the body,and that dementia may be the first noticeable effect of these changes as the defects affect the cells in the brain,scientists said.The flow of potassium is especially critical in cells responsible for memory formation. The scientists also found two other defects that affect the cells'supply of calcium,another critical element.One test developed by researches calls for growing skin cells in a laboratory culture and then testing them with an electrical detector to determine if the microscopic tunnels that govemn the flow of potassium are open. Open potassium channels create a unique electrical signature.A spokesman for the Alzheimer's Association said that if the validity of the diagnostictest can be proven it would be an important development,but cautioned that other promisingtests for Alzheimer's have been disappointing.Which of the following about the relationship between Alzheimer's and dementia is true?A: Dementia is one of the signs of Alzheimer's.B: Alzheimer's is one of the causes of dementia.C: They are two completely different diseases.D: They are similar defects of the human brain.
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第一篇ObesityObesity refers to the medical condition characterized by storage of excess body fat. The human body naturally stores fat tissue under the skin and around organs and joints.Fat is critical for good health because it is a source of energy when the body lacks the energy necessary to sustain life processes,and it provides insulation and protection for internal organs.But too much fat in the body is associated with a variety of health problems.Most physicians use the body mass index(BMI)to determine desirable weights.BMI is calculated as weight divided by height and people with a BMI of 27 or above are considered obese.Weight-height tables,such as those published by the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company,are also used as general measures of desirable weight ranges.These tables assign a range of weights for a particular height.For example,a man of 1.8m has a desirable range of 66 to 83 kg,with an average of 75 kg. A woman who is 1.6 m has a desirable range between 53 and 70 kg,with an average of 62 kg.The BMI and weight-height tables only provide rough estimates of desirable weights and scientists recognize that many other factors besides height affect weight. Weight alone may not be an indicator of fat,as in the case of a body-builder who may have a high BMI because of a high percentage of muscle tissue,which weighs more than fat. Likewise,a person with a sedentary lifestyle may be within a desirable weight range but have excess fat tissue.Obesity increases the risk of developing disease.According to some estimates,almost 70 percent of heart disease cases are linked to excess body fat,and obese people are more than twice as likely to develop high blood pressure.Obese women are at nearly twice the risk for developing breast cancer,and all obese people have an estimated 42 percent higher chance of developing colon cancer. The risk of medical complications particularly heart disease increases when body fat is distributed around the waist,especially in the abdomen.This type of upper body fat distribution is more common in men than in women.The social and psychological problems experienced by obese people are also formidable.Stereotypes about"fat"people are often translated into discriminatory practices in education,employment, and social relationships.The consequences of being obese in a world where people had better be "thin"are especially severe for women,whose appearances are often judged against and ideal of exaggerated slimness.According to this article,fat people may be_________.A:looked down upon by othersB:welcomed by othersC:considered severely illD:thought of having special problems
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第一篇ObesityObesity refers to the medical condition characterized by storage of excess body fat. The human body naturally stores fat tissue under the skin and around organs and joints.Fat is critical for good health because it is a source of energy when the body lacks the energy necessary to sustain life processes,and it provides insulation and protection for internal organs.But too much fat in the body is associated with a variety of health problems.Most physicians use the body mass index(BMI)to determine desirable weights.BMI is calculated as weight divided by height and people with a BMI of 27 or above are considered obese.Weight-height tables,such as those published by the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company,are also used as general measures of desirable weight ranges.These tables assign a range of weights for a particular height.For example,a man of 1.8m has a desirable range of 66 to 83 kg,with an average of 75 kg. A woman who is 1.6 m has a desirable range between 53 and 70 kg,with an average of 62 kg.The BMI and weight-height tables only provide rough estimates of desirable weights and scientists recognize that many other factors besides height affect weight. Weight alone may not be an indicator of fat,as in the case of a body-builder who may have a high BMI because of a high percentage of muscle tissue,which weighs more than fat. Likewise,a person with a sedentary lifestyle may be within a desirable weight range but have excess fat tissue.Obesity increases the risk of developing disease.According to some estimates,almost 70 percent of heart disease cases are linked to excess body fat,and obese people are more than twice as likely to develop high blood pressure.Obese women are at nearly twice the risk for developing breast cancer,and all obese people have an estimated 42 percent higher chance of developing colon cancer. The risk of medical complications particularly heart disease increases when body fat is distributed around the waist,especially in the abdomen.This type of upper body fat distribution is more common in men than in women.The social and psychological problems experienced by obese people are also formidable.Stereotypes about"fat"people are often translated into discriminatory practices in education,employment, and social relationships.The consequences of being obese in a world where people had better be "thin"are especially severe for women,whose appearances are often judged against and ideal of exaggerated slimness.A heavy man ________.A:certainly has a lot of fat in himB:usually has a sedentary lifestyleC:certainly has a lot muscle in himD:may have muscle tissue that weighs more than fat
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第一篇More About Alzheimer' s DiseaseScientists have developed skin tests that may be used in the future to identify people with Alzheimer's disease and may ultimately allow physicians to predict who is at risk of getting this neurological （神经病学的）disorder.The only current means of diagnosing the disease in a living patient is a long and expensive series of tests that eliminate every other cause of dementia."Since Alois Alzheimer described the disease nearly a century ago,people have been trying to find a way to accurately diagnose it in its early stages,"said Patricia Grady,acting director of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke in Bethesda,Maryland."This discovery,if confirmed,could prove a big step forward in our efforts to deal with and understand the disease."Alzheimer's is the single greatest cause of mental deterioration in older people,affecting between 2.5 million and 4 million people in the United States alone.The devastating disorder gradually destroys memory and the ability to function,and eventually causes death. There is currently no known treatment for the disease.Researchers discovered that the skin cells of Alzheimer's patients have defects that interfere with their ability to regulate the flow of potassium in and out of the cells.The fact that the cell defects are present in the skin suggests that Alzheimer's results from physiological changes throughout the body,and that dementia may be the first noticeable effect of these changes as the defects affect the cells in the brain,scientists said.The flow of potassium is especially critical in cells responsible for memory formation.The scientists also found two other defects that affect the cells' supply of calcium,another critical element.One test developed by researches calls for growing skin cells in a laboratory culture and then testing them with an electrical detector to determine if the microscopic tunnels that govern the flow of potassium are open.Open potassium channels create a unique electrical signature.A spokesman for the Alzheimer's Association said that if the validity of the diagnostic test can be proven it would be an important development,but he cautioned that other promising tests for Alzheimer's have been disappointing.What is the relationship between Alzheimer's and dementia?A:Dementia is one of the signs of Alzheimer's.B:Alzheimer's is one of the causes of dementia.C:They are two completely different diseases.D:They are similar defects of the human brain.
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第一篇More About Alzheimer' s DiseaseScientists have developed skin tests that may be used in the future to identify people with Alzheimer's disease and may ultimately allow physicians to predict who is at risk of getting this neurological （神经病学的）disorder.The only current means of diagnosing the disease in a living patient is a long and expensive series of tests that eliminate every other cause of dementia."Since Alois Alzheimer described the disease nearly a century ago,people have been trying to find a way to accurately diagnose it in its early stages,"said Patricia Grady,acting director of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke in Bethesda,Maryland."This discovery,if confirmed,could prove a big step forward in our efforts to deal with and understand the disease."Alzheimer's is the single greatest cause of mental deterioration in older people,affecting between 2.5 million and 4 million people in the United States alone.The devastating disorder gradually destroys memory and the ability to function,and eventually causes death. There is currently no known treatment for the disease.Researchers discovered that the skin cells of Alzheimer's patients have defects that interfere with their ability to regulate the flow of potassium in and out of the cells.The fact that the cell defects are present in the skin suggests that Alzheimer's results from physiological changes throughout the body,and that dementia may be the first noticeable effect of these changes as the defects affect the cells in the brain,scientists said.The flow of potassium is especially critical in cells responsible for memory formation.The scientists also found two other defects that affect the cells' supply of calcium,another critical element.One test developed by researches calls for growing skin cells in a laboratory culture and then testing them with an electrical detector to determine if the microscopic tunnels that govern the flow of potassium are open.Open potassium channels create a unique electrical signature.A spokesman for the Alzheimer's Association said that if the validity of the diagnostic test can be proven it would be an important development,but he cautioned that other promising tests for Alzheimer's have been disappointing.The passage indicates that Alzheimer's is a disease________.A:common to people,old and youngB:not costly to be curedC:easy to be handledD:not easy to be diagnosed
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第二篇CaffeineCaffeine is probably the most widely used drug in the world.Humans have been consuming caffeine for hundreds of years,primarily in the form of coffee,tea,and cocoa. Habitual coffee and tea drinkers had longbeen observed to have a lower incidence of non-melanoma（黑色素瘤）skin cancers , although no one knew why.A recent study found that caffeine affects skin cells damaged by ultraviolet radiation,a main cause of skin cancer. Caffeine interferes with a protein that cancerous cells need to survive,leaving the damaged cells to die before they become cancerous. Drinking caffeinated coffee has also been associated with a decreased incidence of endometrial（子宫内膜的）cancer-that is , cancer of the cells lining the uterus. The strongest effect appears to be in overweight women,who are at greatest risk for the disease.Researchers believe blood sugar,fat cells,and estrogen（雌性激素）may play a role. Although the mechanism remains unknown,peo- pie who drink more than two cups of coffee or tea a day reportedly have about half the risk of developing chronic liver disease as those who drink less than one cup of coffee daily;caffeinated coffee has also been as- sociated with lowered risk of cirrhosis（肝硬化）and liver cancer.While many of caffeine's undesirable effects,such as elevated heart rate and blood pressure,are brief, some short-term benefits,including pain relief,increased alertness,and increased physical endurance,have also been attributed to caffeine.As a component of numerous over-the-counter diet pills and pain relievers, caffeine increases their effectiveness and helps the body absorb them more quickly. By constricting（收缩） blood vessels in the brain , it can alleviate headaches一even migraines（偏头痛）一and can help counter the drowsiness（眩晕）caused by antihistamines（抗组胺药）.Caffeine does not alter the need for sleep,but it does offer a temporary solution to fatigue for people who need to stay alert. Research has shown that sleep-deprived individuals who consumed caffeine had improved memory and reasoning abilities,at least in the short term. Studies of runners and cyclists have shown that caffeine can improve their stamina一hence its addition to energy-boosting sports drinks.People who consume a lot of caffeine regularly may develop temporary withdrawal symptoms,headache being the most common,if they quit or cut back on it abruptly. Fortunately,these symptoms last only a day or two in most cases.Individuals who are more sensitive to the stimulatory side effects of caffeine may want to avoid it,but most doctors agree that the equivalent of three cups of coffee a day does not harm healthy people.There is no medical basis to give up daily caffeine and many reasons to include a moderate amount in one's diet.Drinking coffee or tea may help_________.A:lower the incidence of being overweightB:lower the incidence of non-melanoma skin cancerC:increase the incidence of endometrial cancer D: increase the incidence of liver cancer
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More about Alzheimer's DiseaseScientists have developed skin tests that may be used in the future to identify people with Alzheimer's disease and may ultimately allow physicians to predict who is at risk of get-ting this neurological disorder.The only current means of diagnosing the disease in a living patient is a long and expen-sive series of tests that eliminate every other cause of dementia.“Since Aloes Alzheimer described the disease nearly a century ago,people have been trying to find a way to accurately diagnose it in its early stages,“said Patricia Grady,acting director of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke in Bethesda,Mary-land."This discovery,if confirmed,could prove a big step forward in our efforts to deal with and understand the disease.”Alzheimer's is the single greatest cause of mental deterioration in older people,affecting between 2.5 million and 4 million people in the United States alone. The devastating disorder gradually destroys memory and the ability to function,and eventually causes death. There is currently no known treatment for the disease.Researches discovered that the skin cells of Alzheimer's patients have defects that inter-fere with their ability to regulate the flow of potassium in and out of the cells.The fact that the cell defects are present in the skin suggests that Alzheimer's results from physiological changes throughout the body,and that dementia may be the first noticeable effect of these changes as the defects affect the cells in the brain,scientists said.The flow of potassium is especially critical in cells responsible for memory formation. The scientists also found two other defects that affect the cells'supply of calcium,another critical element.One test developed by researches calls for growing skin cells in a laboratory culture and then testing them with an electrical detector to determine if the microscopic tunnels that govemn the flow of potassium are open. Open potassium channels create a unique electrical signature.A spokesman for the Alzheimer's Association said that if the validity of the diagnostictest can be proven it would be an important development,but cautioned that other promisingtests for Alzheimer's have been disappointing.The last paragraph implies that the diagnostic test______.A: will not be as promising as othersB: is a very important developmentC: may not be proven valid smoothlyD: will surely be disappointing in the end
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More About Alzheimer's DiseaseScientists have developed skin tests that may be used in the future to identify people with Alzheimer's disease and may ultimately allow physicians to predict_______(51)is at risk of getting this neurological disorder.The only current means of_____(52)the disease in a living patient is a long and expensive series of tests that eliminate every other cause of dementia（痴呆）."Since Alois Alzheimer described the_____(53)nearly a century ago,people have been trying to find a way to_____(54)diagnose it in its early stages,"said Patricia Grady,acting director of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke in Bethesda,Maryland."This discovery,if_____(55),could prove a big step forward in our efforts to deal with and understand the disease."Alzheimer ' 5 is the single greatest _________ ( 56 ) of mental deterioration（退化）in older people, affecting between 2.5 million and 4 million people in the United States_____(57).The devastating disorder gradually destroys memory and the ability to function,and eventually causes death.There is currently no known______（58)for the disease.Researches______(59)that the skin cells of Alzheimer's patients have defects that interfere with their ability to regulate the flow of potassium（钾）in and out of the cells.The fact that the cell defects are present in the skin suggests that Alzheimer's______(60)from physiological changes throughout the body,and that dementia may be the first noticeable effect of these changes as the defects______(61)the cells in the brain,scientists said.The flow of potassium is especially______(62)in cells responsible for memory formation.The scientists also found two other defects that affect the cells'supply, of calcium（钙）,another critical element.One test developed by researches calls______(63)growing skin cells in a laboratory culture and then testing them with an electrical detector to determine if the microscopic tunnels that_______(64)the flow of potassium are open.Open potassium channels create a unique electrical signature.A spokesman for the Alzheimer's Association said that if the validity of the diagnostic test can be proven it would be an important______(65),but cautioned that other promising tests for Alzheimer's have been disappointing._________53A:answer B:effect C:disease D:study
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第一篇More About Alzheimer' s DiseaseScientists have developed skin tests that may be used in the future to identify people with Alzheimer's disease and may ultimately allow physicians to predict who is at risk of getting this neurological （神经病学的）disorder.The only current means of diagnosing the disease in a living patient is a long and expensive series of tests that eliminate every other cause of dementia."Since Alois Alzheimer described the disease nearly a century ago,people have been trying to find a way to accurately diagnose it in its early stages,"said Patricia Grady,acting director of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke in Bethesda,Maryland."This discovery,if confirmed,could prove a big step forward in our efforts to deal with and understand the disease."Alzheimer's is the single greatest cause of mental deterioration in older people,affecting between 2.5 million and 4 million people in the United States alone.The devastating disorder gradually destroys memory and the ability to function,and eventually causes death. There is currently no known treatment for the disease.Researchers discovered that the skin cells of Alzheimer's patients have defects that interfere with their ability to regulate the flow of potassium in and out of the cells.The fact that the cell defects are present in the skin suggests that Alzheimer's results from physiological changes throughout the body,and that dementia may be the first noticeable effect of these changes as the defects affect the cells in the brain,scientists said.The flow of potassium is especially critical in cells responsible for memory formation.The scientists also found two other defects that affect the cells' supply of calcium,another critical element.One test developed by researches calls for growing skin cells in a laboratory culture and then testing them with an electrical detector to determine if the microscopic tunnels that govern the flow of potassium are open.Open potassium channels create a unique electrical signature.A spokesman for the Alzheimer's Association said that if the validity of the diagnostic test can be proven it would be an important development,but he cautioned that other promising tests for Alzheimer's have been disappointing.The newly developed skin tests may be used in the future to allow doctors to________.A:cure those with Alzheimer's diseaseB:discover the cause of Alzheimer's diseaseC:predict who might get Alzheimer's diseaseD:find the consequences of Alzheimer's disease
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第二篇CaffeineCaffeine is probably the most widely used drug in the world.Humans have been consuming caffeine for hundreds of years,primarily in the form of coffee,tea,and cocoa. Habitual coffee and tea drinkers had longbeen observed to have a lower incidence of non-melanoma（黑色素瘤）skin cancers , although no one knew why.A recent study found that caffeine affects skin cells damaged by ultraviolet radiation,a main cause of skin cancer. Caffeine interferes with a protein that cancerous cells need to survive,leaving the damaged cells to die before they become cancerous. Drinking caffeinated coffee has also been associated with a decreased incidence of endometrial（子宫内膜的）cancer-that is , cancer of the cells lining the uterus. The strongest effect appears to be in overweight women,who are at greatest risk for the disease.Researchers believe blood sugar,fat cells,and estrogen（雌性激素）may play a role. Although the mechanism remains unknown,peo- pie who drink more than two cups of coffee or tea a day reportedly have about half the risk of developing chronic liver disease as those who drink less than one cup of coffee daily;caffeinated coffee has also been as- sociated with lowered risk of cirrhosis（肝硬化）and liver cancer.While many of caffeine's undesirable effects,such as elevated heart rate and blood pressure,are brief, some short-term benefits,including pain relief,increased alertness,and increased physical endurance,have also been attributed to caffeine.As a component of numerous over-the-counter diet pills and pain relievers, caffeine increases their effectiveness and helps the body absorb them more quickly. By constricting（收缩） blood vessels in the brain , it can alleviate headaches一even migraines（偏头痛）一and can help counter the drowsiness（眩晕）caused by antihistamines（抗组胺药）.Caffeine does not alter the need for sleep,but it does offer a temporary solution to fatigue for people who need to stay alert. Research has shown that sleep-deprived individuals who consumed caffeine had improved memory and reasoning abilities,at least in the short term. Studies of runners and cyclists have shown that caffeine can improve their stamina一hence its addition to energy-boosting sports drinks.People who consume a lot of caffeine regularly may develop temporary withdrawal symptoms,headache being the most common,if they quit or cut back on it abruptly. Fortunately,these symptoms last only a day or two in most cases.Individuals who are more sensitive to the stimulatory side effects of caffeine may want to avoid it,but most doctors agree that the equivalent of three cups of coffee a day does not harm healthy people.There is no medical basis to give up daily caffeine and many reasons to include a moderate amount in one's diet.Drinking three cups of coffee a day_________.A:may not be recommended by most doctorsB:15 harmful to healthy peopleC:will probably not cause problemsD:may benefit sensitive people
考题
共用题干
第二篇CaffeineCaffeine is probably the most widely used drug in the world.Humans have been consuming caffeine for hundreds of years,primarily in the form of coffee,tea,and cocoa. Habitual coffee and tea drinkers had longbeen observed to have a lower incidence of non-melanoma（黑色素瘤）skin cancers , although no one knew why.A recent study found that caffeine affects skin cells damaged by ultraviolet radiation,a main cause of skin cancer. Caffeine interferes with a protein that cancerous cells need to survive,leaving the damaged cells to die before they become cancerous. Drinking caffeinated coffee has also been associated with a decreased incidence of endometrial（子宫内膜的）cancer-that is , cancer of the cells lining the uterus. The strongest effect appears to be in overweight women,who are at greatest risk for the disease.Researchers believe blood sugar,fat cells,and estrogen（雌性激素）may play a role. Although the mechanism remains unknown,peo- pie who drink more than two cups of coffee or tea a day reportedly have about half the risk of developing chronic liver disease as those who drink less than one cup of coffee daily;caffeinated coffee has also been as- sociated with lowered risk of cirrhosis（肝硬化）and liver cancer.While many of caffeine's undesirable effects,such as elevated heart rate and blood pressure,are brief, some short-term benefits,including pain relief,increased alertness,and increased physical endurance,have also been attributed to caffeine.As a component of numerous over-the-counter diet pills and pain relievers, caffeine increases their effectiveness and helps the body absorb them more quickly. By constricting（收缩） blood vessels in the brain , it can alleviate headaches一even migraines（偏头痛）一and can help counter the drowsiness（眩晕）caused by antihistamines（抗组胺药）.Caffeine does not alter the need for sleep,but it does offer a temporary solution to fatigue for people who need to stay alert. Research has shown that sleep-deprived individuals who consumed caffeine had improved memory and reasoning abilities,at least in the short term. Studies of runners and cyclists have shown that caffeine can improve their stamina一hence its addition to energy-boosting sports drinks.People who consume a lot of caffeine regularly may develop temporary withdrawal symptoms,headache being the most common,if they quit or cut back on it abruptly. Fortunately,these symptoms last only a day or two in most cases.Individuals who are more sensitive to the stimulatory side effects of caffeine may want to avoid it,but most doctors agree that the equivalent of three cups of coffee a day does not harm healthy people.There is no medical basis to give up daily caffeine and many reasons to include a moderate amount in one's diet.Caffeine is used to_________.A:reduce high blood pressureB:relieve headachesC:cure liver cancerD:treat skin cancer
考题
单选题Who has a lower risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease?A
People who have received little education.B
People who have mentally active jobs.C
People who first have good memories.
考题
单选题What are we told about people suffering from Alzheimer’s disease?A
They don’t understand the mechanisms of memory.B
They can’t remember who they are.C
They forget how to perform simple tasks.
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