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Gorillas Have a Word for It
Koko is the first gorilla to have been taught sign language(a way of communicating by using hands and fingers rather than speech).With a vocabulary of more than 1000 words,she is the first to prove we share a world with other intelligent beings who feel emotions,look forward to celebrations and also have a sense of humour.
The 30-year study of Koko has redefined science's concept of gorilla intelligence.
______(46).But what had not been recognised by the scientific community was that gorillas have the ability to learn a language and have complex emotions.
Koko lives in the Santa Cruz mountains in North America,in a wooded spot overlooking a valley.______(47).She has a barrel on which she likes to sit when‘talking'to humans-gorillas feel more secure when they can look down on others-while her toys are spread everywhere.
In addition she has an outside enclosure where she spends her days when it is not raining.
It is her conversations with her teacher, Dr. Penny Patterson,that are inspiring. Penny explains:The reality of my discovery is that our abilities as humans,our skills,sensibilities and emotions are very similar to the great apes.______(48).
When she began teaching Koko sign language,placing the little fingers of the one-year-old gorilla into the correct positions for‘drink’,‘eat’,‘more’,and rewarding her with food,Dr.
Patterson had no idea how quickly Koko would learn."At first,it seemed Koko was using sign language as a tool to get something,"says Patterson."It became the kind of reward system that you could expect of a cat or a dog. But early in her training,she began to combine signs that made me think she was capable of more."______(49).For example,she didn't know the word for‘ring’,so she combined the signs for‘finger’and‘bracelet’to express it.
Dr. Patterson continues:"Koko loves babies and young people.And when she is asked what gorillas like best,she always says'Gorilla love eat,good'."One of Patterson's favourite stories demonstrates Koko's sense of humour.______(50).
From the age of three,Koko shared her accommodation with Michael who was intended as a mate .However,Michael died suddenly two years ago of a heart attack."Koko went into a de- pression following Michael's death,"says Patterson."She would sit for hours with her head hung low looking upset."
Dr. Patterson asked her if she was looking forward to moving to Hawaii,where Patterson is raising money to build a gorilla refuge.Koko signed"Yes",provided she could have curtains in her new home!

______(47)
A: When a visitor asked her to show him something scary,she held up a minor to his face!
B: Language studies had been made using chimpanzees before,but never with a gorilla.
C: According to some scientists,genetically there is only a 2%difference between gorillas and bumans:we share the same blood type,have the same number of hairs per square inch and also the same temperament.
D: She has her own home,with curtains,and a nest of blankets,which is her bed,in one corner.
E: What we have learnt is that gorillas are more complex than we ever imagined.
F: Now Koko is so proficient in sign language that if she doesn't know a word she invents one.

参考答案

参考解析
解析：空后说但是科学界还没有认同的一点是，黑猩猩学习语言的能力和复杂情感表达的能力。由“But”一词可知，该句与空中内容是转折关系。因此C项（科学家们认为猩猩和人类只有2%的差异：我们有着相同的血型，每平方英寸有着相同数量的头发，并且有着相同的性情。）是该空答案。


空后讲述的是Koko家里的情况。因此D项（她有自己的家，而且还挂着帘子，家里的一个角落还有一个由毯子所铺成的窝，这也就是她的床。）符合该处句意。


空前说，我们所发现的是，作为人我们所具有的能力、我们的技能、我们的感知能力和我们的情感都与大程程非常相似。根据选项可知，E项（我们所了解到，大猩猩比我们想象中的更为复杂。）与上一句存在相关性，符合该处句意。


空后一句的举例说，当她不知道“响铃”这个词是如何表达的时候，她会把表达“手指”的手势语和表达“手镯”的手势语合起来表达“响铃”这个词。因此F项（现在Koko在手势运用上是如此的娴熟，以至于她在不知道一个单词该如何表达的时候，她会发明一个词。）是空缺处内容。


空前一句说，Patterson最喜欢的一个故事证明Koko是有幽默感的。由此可知A项（当游客让她用手势表达恐怖的东西时，她会拿起一面镜子来对准那个游客。）是对大猩猩有幽默感的实例。故本题选A。
更多 “共用题干 Gorillas Have a Word for ItKoko is the first gorilla to have been taught sign language(a way of communicating by using hands and fingers rather than speech).With a vocabulary of more than 1000 words,she is the first to prove we share a world with other intelligent beings who feel emotions,look forward to celebrations and also have a sense of humour.The 30-year study of Koko has redefined science's concept of gorilla intelligence.______(46).But what had not been recognised by the scientific community was that gorillas have the ability to learn a language and have complex emotions.Koko lives in the Santa Cruz mountains in North America,in a wooded spot overlooking a valley.______(47).She has a barrel on which she likes to sit when‘talking'to humans-gorillas feel more secure when they can look down on others-while her toys are spread everywhere.In addition she has an outside enclosure where she spends her days when it is not raining.It is her conversations with her teacher, Dr. Penny Patterson,that are inspiring. Penny explains:The reality of my discovery is that our abilities as humans,our skills,sensibilities and emotions are very similar to the great apes.______(48).When she began teaching Koko sign language,placing the little fingers of the one-year-old gorilla into the correct positions for‘drink’,‘eat’,‘more’,and rewarding her with food,Dr.Patterson had no idea how quickly Koko would learn."At first,it seemed Koko was using sign language as a tool to get something,"says Patterson."It became the kind of reward system that you could expect of a cat or a dog. But early in her training,she began to combine signs that made me think she was capable of more."______(49).For example,she didn't know the word for‘ring’,so she combined the signs for‘finger’and‘bracelet’to express it.Dr. Patterson continues:"Koko loves babies and young people.And when she is asked what gorillas like best,she always says'Gorilla love eat,good'."One of Patterson's favourite stories demonstrates Koko's sense of humour.______(50).From the age of three,Koko shared her accommodation with Michael who was intended as a mate .However,Michael died suddenly two years ago of a heart attack."Koko went into a de- pression following Michael's death,"says Patterson."She would sit for hours with her head hung low looking upset."Dr. Patterson asked her if she was looking forward to moving to Hawaii,where Patterson is raising money to build a gorilla refuge.Koko signed"Yes",provided she could have curtains in her new home!______(47)A: When a visitor asked her to show him something scary,she held up a minor to his face!B: Language studies had been made using chimpanzees before,but never with a gorilla.C: According to some scientists,genetically there is only a 2%difference between gorillas and bumans:we share the same blood type,have the same number of hairs per square inch and also the same temperament.D: She has her own home,with curtains,and a nest of blankets,which is her bed,in one corner.E: What we have learnt is that gorillas are more complex than we ever imagined.F: Now Koko is so proficient in sign language that if she doesn't know a word she invents one.” 相关考题
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考题 共用题干 Successful Language Learners1.Some people seem to have a knack for learning languages.They can pick up new vocabulary,master rules or grammar,and learn to write in the new language more quickly than others.They do not seem to be any more intelligent than others,so what makes language learning so much easier for them?Perhaps if we take a close look at these successful language learners,we may discover a few of the techniques which make language learning easier for them.2.First of all,successful language learners are independent learners.They do not depend on the book or the teacher;they discover their own way to learn the language.Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain,they try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves.They are good guessers who look for clues and form their own conclusions.When they guess wrong,they guess again.They try to learn from mistakes.3.Successful language learning is active learning. Therefore,successful learners do not wait for a chance to use the language;they look for such a chance.They find people who speak the language and they ask these people to correct them when they make a mistake.They will try anything to com-municate.They are not afraid to repeat what they hear or to say strange things;they are willing to make mistakes and try again.When communication is difficult,they can accept information that is inexact or incomplete.It is more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every word.4.Finally,successful language learners are learners with a purpose.They want to learn the language because they are interested in the language and the people who speak it.It is necessary for them to learn the language in order to communicate with these people and to learn from them.They find it easy to practice using the language regularly because they want to learn with it.5.What kind of language learner are you?If you are a successful language learner,you have probably been learning independently,actively,and purposefully.On the other hand,if your language learning has been less than successful,you might as well try some of the techniques outlined above.Active language learners seize every opportunity_________.A:to discover sentence patterns and grammatical rulesB:to expand vocabularyC:to use the target languageD:to encourage unsuccessful language learners to learn independently,actively and purposefullyE:from cluesF:to say strange things
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考题 共用题干 Successful Language Learners1. Some people seem to have a knack for learning languages.They can pick up new vocabulary, master rules or grammar,and learn to write in the new language more quickly than others.They do not seem to be any more intelligent than others,so what makes language learning so much eas- ier for them?Perhaps if we take a close look at these successful language learners,we may dis- cover a few of the techniques which make language learning easier for them.2. First of all,successful language learners are independent learners.They do not depend on the book or the teacher;they discover their own way to learn the language.Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain,they try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves.They are good guess-ers who look for clues and form their own conclusions.When they guess wrong,they guess again. They try to learn from mistakes.3. Successful language learning is active learning. Therefore,successful learners do not wait for a chance to use the language;they look for such a chance.They find people who speak the lan-guage and they ask these people to correct them when they make a mistake.They will try anything to communicate .They are not afraid to repeat what they hear or to say strange things;they are willing to make mistakes and try again .When communication is difficult,they can accept information that is inexact or incomplete.It is more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every word.4. Finally,successful language learners are learners with a purpose.They want to learn the language because they are interested in the language and the people who speak it.It is necessary for them to learn the language in order to communicate with these people and to learn from them. They find it easy to practice using the language regularly because they want to learn with it.5. What kind of language learner are you?If you are a successful language learner,you have probably been learning independently,actively,and purposefully. On the other hand,if your language learning has been less than successful,you might as well try some of the techniques outlined above. The author wrote this text______.A: to discover sentence patterns and grammatical rulesB: to expand vocabularyC: to use the target languageD: to encourage unsuccessful language learners to learn independently,actively and purposefullyE: from cluesF: to say strange things
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考题 共用题干 Gorillas Have a Word for itKoko is the first gorilla to have been taught sign language .With a vocabulary of more than 1,000 words,she is the first to prove we share a world with other intelligent beings who feel emo-tions,look forward to celebrations and also have a sense of humour.The 30-year study of Koko has redefined science's concept of gorilla intelligence.______(46)But what had not been recognised by the scientific community was that gorillas have the abil-ity to learn a language and have complex emotions.Koko lives in the Santa Cruz mountains in North America,in a wooded spot overlooking a valley._______47)She has a barrel on which she likes to sit when“talking”to humans—goril-las feel more secure when they can look down on others—while her toys are spread everywhere.In addition she has an outside enclosure where she spends her days when it is not raining.It is her conversations with her teacher,Dr. Penny Patterson,that are inspiring.Patterson explains:“The reality of my discovery is that our abilities as humans,our skills,sensibilities and emotions are very similar to the great apes._______(48)”When she began teaching Koko sign language,placing the little fingers of the one-year-old gorilla into the correct positions for“drink”,“eat”,“more”,and rewarding her with food,Dr.Patterson had no idea how quickly Koko would learn.“At first,it seemed Koko was using sign language as a tool to get something,”says Patterson.“It became the kind of reward system that you could expect of a cat or a dog.But early in her training,she began to combine signs that made me think she was capable of more.”_____(49)For example,she didn't know the word for“ring”,so she combined the signs for“ finger”and“bracelet”to express it.Dr. Patterson continues:“Koko loves babies and young people.And when she is asked what gorillas like best,she always says‘Gorilla love eat,good '.”One of Patterson's favourite stories demonstrates Koko's sense of humour.______(50)From the age of three,Koko shared her accommodation with Michael who was intended as a mate .However,Michael died suddenly two years ago of a heart attack.“Koko went into a depres-sion following Michael's death,”says Patterson.“She would sit for hours with her head hung low, looking upset.”Dr. Patterson asked her if she was looking forward to moving to Hawaii,where Patterson is raising money to build a gorilla refuge.Koko signed“Yes”,provided she could have curtains in her new home!______(48)A: When a visitor asked her to show him something scary,she held up a mirror to his face!B: Language studies had been made using chimpanzees before,but never with a gorilla.C: According to some scientists,genetically there is only a 2% difference between gorillas and humans:we share the same blood type,have the same number of hairs per square inch and al-so the same temperament.D: She has her own home,with curtains,and a nest of blankets,which is her bed,in one corner.E: What we have learnt is that gorillas are more complex than we ever imagined.F: Now Koko is so proficient in sign language that if she doesn't know a word she invents one.
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考题 共用题干 Some Things We Know About LanguageMany things about language are a mystery,and many will always remain so.But some things we do know.First , we know that all human beings have a language of some sort.There is no race（种族）of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language,no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one another.Furthermore,in historical times,there has never been a race of men without a language. Second,there is no such thing as a primitive（原始的）language.There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped,who are,as we say,uncivilized,but the languages they speak are not primitive.In all known languages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing. This has not always been well understood;indeed,the direct contrary has often been stated.Popular ideas of the language of the American Indians will illustrate.Many people have supposed that the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises.Study has proved this to be nonsense.There are,or were, hundreds of American Indian languages,and all of them turn out to be very complicated and very old.They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with,but they are no more primitive than English and Greek.A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate.That is,each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language. Finally,we know that language changes.It is natural and normal for language to change;the only languages which do not change are the dead ones.This is easy to understand if we look backward in time. Change goes on in all aspects of language.Grammatical features change as do speech sounds,and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rapidly.Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language.According to the third paragraph,the author thinks that______.A:there exist some primitive languages in the worldB:there are many people who don't have a languageC:no languages in the world haven't been well developedD:there are some languages we know having little complexities
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考题 共用题干 Some Things We Know About LanguageMany things about language are a mystery,and many will always remain so.But some things we do know.First , we know that all human beings have a language of some sort.There is no race（种族）of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language,no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one another.Furthermore,in historical times,there has never been a race of men without a language. Second,there is no such thing as a primitive（原始的）language.There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped,who are,as we say,uncivilized,but the languages they speak are not primitive.In all known languages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing. This has not always been well understood;indeed,the direct contrary has often been stated.Popular ideas of the language of the American Indians will illustrate.Many people have supposed that the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises.Study has proved this to be nonsense.There are,or were, hundreds of American Indian languages,and all of them turn out to be very complicated and very old.They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with,but they are no more primitive than English and Greek.A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate.That is,each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language. Finally,we know that language changes.It is natural and normal for language to change;the only languages which do not change are the dead ones.This is easy to understand if we look backward in time. Change goes on in all aspects of language.Grammatical features change as do speech sounds,and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rapidly.Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language.The author argues that we do know some things about language in______aspects.A:three B:fourC:five D:six
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考题 共用题干 Some Things We Know About LanguageMany things about language are a mystery,and many will always remain so.But some things we do know.First , we know that all human beings have a language of some sort.There is no race（种族）of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language,no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one another.Furthermore,in historical times,there has never been a race of men without a language. Second,there is no such thing as a primitive（原始的）language.There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped,who are,as we say,uncivilized,but the languages they speak are not primitive.In all known languages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing. This has not always been well understood;indeed,the direct contrary has often been stated.Popular ideas of the language of the American Indians will illustrate.Many people have supposed that the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises.Study has proved this to be nonsense.There are,or were, hundreds of American Indian languages,and all of them turn out to be very complicated and very old.They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with,but they are no more primitive than English and Greek.A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate.That is,each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language. Finally,we know that language changes.It is natural and normal for language to change;the only languages which do not change are the dead ones.This is easy to understand if we look backward in time. Change goes on in all aspects of language.Grammatical features change as do speech sounds,and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rapidly.Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language.According to the author,language changes are most likely to occur in______.A:grammar B:pronunciationC:vocabulary D:intonation
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考题 共用题干 Some Things We Know About LanguageMany things about language are a mystery,and many will always remain so.But some things we do know.First , we know that all human beings have a language of some sort.There is no race（种族）of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language,no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one another.Furthermore,in historical times,there has never been a race of men without a language. Second,there is no such thing as a primitive（原始的）language.There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped,who are,as we say,uncivilized,but the languages they speak are not primitive.In all known languages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing. This has not always been well understood;indeed,the direct contrary has often been stated.Popular ideas of the language of the American Indians will illustrate.Many people have supposed that the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises.Study has proved this to be nonsense.There are,or were, hundreds of American Indian languages,and all of them turn out to be very complicated and very old.They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with,but they are no more primitive than English and Greek.A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate.That is,each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language. Finally,we know that language changes.It is natural and normal for language to change;the only languages which do not change are the dead ones.This is easy to understand if we look backward in time. Change goes on in all aspects of language.Grammatical features change as do speech sounds,and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rapidly.Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language.The author has used American Indian language to illustrate______.A:it hasn't been well understood that there is no primitive languageB:the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noisesC:English and Greek are less primitive than American Indian languagesD:hundreds of American Indian languages are easy and young
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考题 共用题干 Some Things We Know About LanguageMany things about language are a mystery,and many will always remain so.But some things we do know.First , we know that all human beings have a language of some sort.There is no race（种族）of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language,no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one another.Furthermore,in historical times,there has never been a race of men without a language. Second,there is no such thing as a primitive（原始的）language.There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped,who are,as we say,uncivilized,but the languages they speak are not primitive.In all known languages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing. This has not always been well understood;indeed,the direct contrary has often been stated.Popular ideas of the language of the American Indians will illustrate.Many people have supposed that the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises.Study has proved this to be nonsense.There are,or were, hundreds of American Indian languages,and all of them turn out to be very complicated and very old.They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with,but they are no more primitive than English and Greek.A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate.That is,each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language. Finally,we know that language changes.It is natural and normal for language to change;the only languages which do not change are the dead ones.This is easy to understand if we look backward in time. Change goes on in all aspects of language.Grammatical features change as do speech sounds,and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rapidly.Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language.Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A:A language is a means of expressing a particular culture.B:All languages can well express their respective cultures.C:American Indian languages are as complex as English.D:Some languages are better than others.
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考题 共用题干 Some Things We Know About LanguageMany things about language are a mystery,and many will always remain so.But some things we do know.First,we know that all human beings have a language of some sort. There is no race of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language,no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one another. Furthermore,in historical times,there has never been a race of men without a language.Second,there is no such thing as a primitive language.There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped,who are,as we say,uncivilized,but the languages they speak are not primitive .In all known languages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing.This has not always been well understood;indeed,the direct contrary has often been stated.Popular ideas of the language of the American Indians will illustrate.Many people have supposed that the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises.Study has proved this to be nonsense .There are,or were,hundreds of American Indian languages,and all of them turn out to be very complicated and very old.They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with,but they are no more primitive than English and Greek.A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate. That is, each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language.Finally,we know that language changes.It is natural and normal for language to change;the only languages which do not change are the dead ones.This is easy to understand if we look backward in time.Change goes on in all aspects of language.Grammatical teatures change as do speech sounds,and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rap-idly. Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language. According to the author,language changes are most likely to occur in______.A: grammarB: pronunciationC: vocabularyD: intonation
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考题 共用题干 Some Things We Know About LanguageMany things about language are a mystery,and many will always remain so.But some things we do know.First,we know that all human beings have a language of some sort. There is no race of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language,no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one another. Furthermore,in historical times,there has never been a race of men without a language.Second,there is no such thing as a primitive language.There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped,who are,as we say,uncivilized,but the languages they speak are not primitive .In all known languages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing.This has not always been well understood;indeed,the direct contrary has often been stated.Popular ideas of the language of the American Indians will illustrate.Many people have supposed that the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises.Study has proved this to be nonsense .There are,or were,hundreds of American Indian languages,and all of them turn out to be very complicated and very old.They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with,but they are no more primitive than English and Greek.A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate. That is, each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language.Finally,we know that language changes.It is natural and normal for language to change;the only languages which do not change are the dead ones.This is easy to understand if we look backward in time.Change goes on in all aspects of language.Grammatical teatures change as do speech sounds,and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rap-idly. Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language. The author has used American Indian languages as an example to show that they are______.A: just as old as some well-known languagesB: just as sophisticated as some well-known languagesC: more developed than some well-known languagesD: more complex than some well-known languages
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考题 共用题干 Some Things We Know About LanguageMany things about language are a mystery,and many will always remain so.But some things we do know.First,we know that all human beings have a language of some sort. There is no race of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language,no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one another. Furthermore,in historical times,there has never been a race of men without a language.Second,there is no such thing as a primitive language.There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped,who are,as we say,uncivilized,but the languages they speak are not primitive .In all known languages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing.This has not always been well understood;indeed,the direct contrary has often been stated.Popular ideas of the language of the American Indians will illustrate.Many people have supposed that the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises.Study has proved this to be nonsense .There are,or were,hundreds of American Indian languages,and all of them turn out to be very complicated and very old.They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with,but they are no more primitive than English and Greek.A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate. That is, each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language.Finally,we know that language changes.It is natural and normal for language to change;the only languages which do not change are the dead ones.This is easy to understand if we look backward in time.Change goes on in all aspects of language.Grammatical teatures change as do speech sounds,and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rap-idly. Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language. In the second paragraph the passage tells us that______.A: some backward race doesn't have a language of its ownB: some race in history didn't possess a language of its ownC: any human race,whether backward or not,has a languageD: some races on earth can communicate without language
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考题 共用题干 Some Things We Know About LanguageMany things about language are a mystery,and many will always remain so.But some things we do know.First,we know that all human beings have a language of some sort. There is no race of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language,no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one another. Furthermore,in historical times,there has never been a race of men without a language.Second,there is no such thing as a primitive language.There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped,who are,as we say,uncivilized,but the languages they speak are not primitive .In all known languages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing.This has not always been well understood;indeed,the direct contrary has often been stated.Popular ideas of the language of the American Indians will illustrate.Many people have supposed that the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises.Study has proved this to be nonsense .There are,or were,hundreds of American Indian languages,and all of them turn out to be very complicated and very old.They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with,but they are no more primitive than English and Greek.A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate. That is, each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language.Finally,we know that language changes.It is natural and normal for language to change;the only languages which do not change are the dead ones.This is easy to understand if we look backward in time.Change goes on in all aspects of language.Grammatical teatures change as do speech sounds,and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rap-idly. Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language. According to the author,people of undeveloped cultures can have______languages.A: complicatedB: uncivilizedC: primitiveD: well-known
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考题 单选题Which of the following assumptions fails to describe the nature of vocabulary or vocabulary learning?A Words are best learned in context.B A lexical item can be more than one word.C All words in one language have equivalents in another.D Learning a word includes learning its form, meaning and use.
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