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名词解释题
有计划行为理论（theory of planned behavior）
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How Human's Personalities and Behaviors are Formed1 People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed.It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not,or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.2 Social scientists are,of course,extremely interested in these types of questions.They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors.There are no clear answers yet,but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed.As one might expect,the two approaches are verydifferent from each other. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as"nature vs.nurture".3 Those who support the"nature"side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior pat-terns are largely determined by biological factors.That our environment has little,if anything,to do with ourabilities,characteristics and behavior is central to this theory.Taken to an extreme,this theory maintains tha our behavior is pre-determined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.4 Those who support the"nurture"theory,that is,they advocate education, are often called behaviorists. They claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining howwe will act.A behaviorist,B.F.Skinner,sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings.The behaviorists maintain that,like machines,humans respond to environmental stimulias the basis of their behavior.5 Let us examine the different explanations about one human characteristic,intelligence,offered by the two theories.Supporters of the"nature"theory insist that we are born with a certain capacity for learning that is biologically determined.Needless to say:They don't believe that factors in the environment have much in- fluence on what is basically a predetermined characteristic.On the other hand,behaviorists argue that our in- telligence levels are the product of our experiences.Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will ex- perience greater intellectual development."Nature"theory claims_________.A:human is born with a certain personalityB:how the personality and behavior are formedC:will experience intellectual developmentD:two different schools on the matter have developedE:will influence on charactersF:human is born with no personality
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单选题That our environment has little to do with our abilities, characters and behavior _____ central to his theory.A
isB
areC
has beenD
have been
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名词解释题Theory of income distribution 收入分配理论
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