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NHS has suffered from under-funding in recent decades,as a result of which many（）people have been turning to private medical health care.
Aworking class
Belderly
Ceducated
Dbetter-off
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更多 “NHS has suffered from under-funding in recent decades,as a result of which many（）people have been turning to private medical health care.Aworking classBelderlyCeducatedDbetter-off” 相关考题
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Which of the following is the result of the volcanic eruption?A. People stop traveling in EuropeB. Airlines suffer from the loss of planesC. It becomes dangerous for animals to eat outsideD. Farmers have lost many of their animals
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Part BDirections: In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41—45, choose the most suitable one from the list A—G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET I. ( 10 points)41)____________Many of the options have already been rehearsed in the press: excluding some treatments from the NHS, charging for certain drugs and services, and developing voluntary or compulsory health insurance schemes.42)____________We spend about 7 per cent of GDP on health, compared with 9 per cent in the Netherlands and 10 per cent in France and Germany. In terms of health outcomes versus spend, we compare pretty favourably.I don' t see private health care providing much of the solution to current problems. 43)____________Neither is close to being implemented, but the future could see a deliberate shift of attention to voluntary health insurance and an emphasis on social insurance.44)____________Even so, higher taxes will plainly be needed to fund health care. I think we'll eventually see larger NHS charges, more rationing of medical services and restrictions on certain procedures without proven outcomes. Stricter eligibility criteria for certain treatments are another possibility.45)____________.None of them is going to win votes for the political party desperate enough to introduce them—but then nobody is going to vote for ill—health or an early death either.[A] English National Health Service is a universal health keeping system. But Now, the shortage of money becomes a serious problem.[B] All such options would mean a sharp break with tradition and political fall out that could be extremely damaging.[C] The options provides solution to the shortage of money problem.[D] I expect individuals to take greater responsibility for their personal health using technology that allows self diag-nosis followed by serf- treatment or home care.[E] Looking at how far we' 11 be able to fund the Health Service in the 21st century raises any number of thorny is- sues.[F] More likely is a shift from universal health coverage to top up schemes which give people basic health entitlements but require them to finance other treatment through private financing, or opt out schemes which use tax relief to encourage individuals to make private provision.[G] Compared to its European Union counterparts Britain. operates a low cost health system.41.____________
考题
请阅读短文。
Do who choose to go on exotic, far-flung holidays deserve free health advice before they travel? And even if they pay, who ensures that they get good, up-to-date information? Who, for that matter, should collect that information in the first place? For a variety of reasons, travel medicine in Britain is a responsibility nobody wants. As a result, many travellers go abroad prepared to avoid serious disease.
Why is travel medicine so unloved? Partly there's an identity problem. Because it takes an interest in anything that impinges on the health of travellers, this emerging medical specialism invariably cuts across the traditional disciplines. It delves into everything from seasickness, jet lag and the hazards of camels to malaria and plague. But travel medicine has a more serious obstacle to overcome. Travel clinics are meant to tell people how to avoid ending up dead or in a hospital when they come home, but it is notoriously difficult to get anybody pay out money for keeping people healthy.
Travel medicine has also been colonized by commercial interests; the vast majority of travel clinics in Britain are run by airlines or travel companies. And while travel concerns are happy to sell profitable injections, they may be less keen to spread bad news about travellers' diarrhea in Turkey, or to take time to spell out preventive measures travellers could take."The NHS finds it difficult to define travellers' health, says Ron Behrens, the only NHS consultant in travel and director of the travel clinic of the Hospital for Tropical Diseases in London." Should it come within the NHS or should it be paid for? It's Gary area, and opinion is spilt. No one seems to have any responsibility for defining its role, he says.
To compound its low status in the medical hierarchy, travel medicine has to rely on statistics that are patchy at best. In most cases we just don't know how many Britons contract diseases when abroad. And even if a disease linked to travel there is rarely any information about where those afflicted went, what they are, how they behaved, or which vaccinations they had. This shortage of hard facts and figures makes it difficult to give detailed advice to people, information that might even save their lives.
A recent leader in British Medical Journal argued. "Travel medicine will emerge as credible disciplines only if the risks encountered by travellers and the relative benefits of public health interventions are well defined in terms of their relative occurrence, distribution and control. Exactly how much money is wasted by poor travel advice. The real figure is anybody's guess, but it could easily- run into millions. Behrens gives one example. Britain spends more than 1 million each year just on cholera vaccines that often don't work and so give people a false sense of security."Information on the prevention and treatment of all forms of diarrhea would be a better priority, he salts.
Which of the following statement is not the problem of travel medicine?
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A．Traditional disciplines are not enough for travel medicine.
B．Travel medicine has been colonized by commercial interests.
C．The statistics about travellers are hard to obtain.
D．People spend much money on poor travel advice.
考题
请阅读短文。
Do who choose to go on exotic, far-flung holidays deserve free health advice before they travel? And even if they pay, who ensures that they get good, up-to-date information? Who, for that matter, should collect that information in the first place? For a variety of reasons, travel medicine in Britain is a responsibility nobody wants. As a result, many travellers go abroad prepared to avoid serious disease.
Why is travel medicine so unloved? Partly there's an identity problem. Because it takes an interest in anything that impinges on the health of travellers, this emerging medical specialism invariably cuts across the traditional disciplines. It delves into everything from seasickness, jet lag and the hazards of camels to malaria and plague. But travel medicine has a more serious obstacle to overcome. Travel clinics are meant to tell people how to avoid ending up dead or in a hospital when they come home, but it is notoriously difficult to get anybody pay out money for keeping people healthy.
Travel medicine has also been colonized by commercial interests; the vast majority of travel clinics in Britain are run by airlines or travel companies. And while travel concerns are happy to sell profitable injections, they may be less keen to spread bad news about travellers' diarrhea in Turkey, or to take time to spell out preventive measures travellers could take."The NHS finds it difficult to define travellers' health, says Ron Behrens, the only NHS consultant in travel and director of the travel clinic of the Hospital for Tropical Diseases in London." Should it come within the NHS or should it be paid for? It's Gary area, and opinion is spilt. No one seems to have any responsibility for defining its role, he says.
To compound its low status in the medical hierarchy, travel medicine has to rely on statistics that are patchy at best. In most cases we just don't know how many Britons contract diseases when abroad. And even if a disease linked to travel there is rarely any information about where those afflicted went, what they are, how they behaved, or which vaccinations they had. This shortage of hard facts and figures makes it difficult to give detailed advice to people, information that might even save their lives.
A recent leader in British Medical Journal argued. "Travel medicine will emerge as credible disciplines only if the risks encountered by travellers and the relative benefits of public health interventions are well defined in terms of their relative occurrence, distribution and control. Exactly how much money is wasted by poor travel advice. The real figure is anybody's guess, but it could easily- run into millions. Behrens gives one example. Britain spends more than 1 million each year just on cholera vaccines that often don't work and so give people a false sense of security."Information on the prevention and treatment of all forms of diarrhea would be a better priority, he salts.
What can we conclude from the last paragraph?
查看材料
A．Travel advices are not important.
B．Travel medicine is hard to be credible.
C．How to prevent and treat disease can actually help travel medicine popularize.
D．People haven't realized the importance of travel medicine.
考题
请阅读短文。
Do who choose to go on exotic, far-flung holidays deserve free health advice before they travel? And even if they pay, who ensures that they get good, up-to-date information? Who, for that matter, should collect that information in the first place? For a variety of reasons, travel medicine in Britain is a responsibility nobody wants. As a result, many travellers go abroad prepared to avoid serious disease.
Why is travel medicine so unloved? Partly there's an identity problem. Because it takes an interest in anything that impinges on the health of travellers, this emerging medical specialism invariably cuts across the traditional disciplines. It delves into everything from seasickness, jet lag and the hazards of camels to malaria and plague. But travel medicine has a more serious obstacle to overcome. Travel clinics are meant to tell people how to avoid ending up dead or in a hospital when they come home, but it is notoriously difficult to get anybody pay out money for keeping people healthy.
Travel medicine has also been colonized by commercial interests; the vast majority of travel clinics in Britain are run by airlines or travel companies. And while travel concerns are happy to sell profitable injections, they may be less keen to spread bad news about travellers' diarrhea in Turkey, or to take time to spell out preventive measures travellers could take."The NHS finds it difficult to define travellers' health, says Ron Behrens, the only NHS consultant in travel and director of the travel clinic of the Hospital for Tropical Diseases in London." Should it come within the NHS or should it be paid for? It's Gary area, and opinion is spilt. No one seems to have any responsibility for defining its role, he says.
To compound its low status in the medical hierarchy, travel medicine has to rely on statistics that are patchy at best. In most cases we just don't know how many Britons contract diseases when abroad. And even if a disease linked to travel there is rarely any information about where those afflicted went, what they are, how they behaved, or which vaccinations they had. This shortage of hard facts and figures makes it difficult to give detailed advice to people, information that might even save their lives.
A recent leader in British Medical Journal argued. "Travel medicine will emerge as credible disciplines only if the risks encountered by travellers and the relative benefits of public health interventions are well defined in terms of their relative occurrence, distribution and control. Exactly how much money is wasted by poor travel advice. The real figure is anybody's guess, but it could easily- run into millions. Behrens gives one example. Britain spends more than 1 million each year just on cholera vaccines that often don't work and so give people a false sense of security."Information on the prevention and treatment of all forms of diarrhea would be a better priority, he salts.
What can we infer frown the first paragraph?
查看材料
A．Travel medicine is hard to prevail.
B．People know little about travel medicine.
C．People don't believe in travel medicine.
D．Travellers can seldom get up-to-date information.
考题
请阅读短文。
Do who choose to go on exotic, far-flung holidays deserve free health advice before they travel? And even if they pay, who ensures that they get good, up-to-date information? Who, for that matter, should collect that information in the first place? For a variety of reasons, travel medicine in Britain is a responsibility nobody wants. As a result, many travellers go abroad prepared to avoid serious disease.
Why is travel medicine so unloved? Partly there's an identity problem. Because it takes an interest in anything that impinges on the health of travellers, this emerging medical specialism invariably cuts across the traditional disciplines. It delves into everything from seasickness, jet lag and the hazards of camels to malaria and plague. But travel medicine has a more serious obstacle to overcome. Travel clinics are meant to tell people how to avoid ending up dead or in a hospital when they come home, but it is notoriously difficult to get anybody pay out money for keeping people healthy.
Travel medicine has also been colonized by commercial interests; the vast majority of travel clinics in Britain are run by airlines or travel companies. And while travel concerns are happy to sell profitable injections, they may be less keen to spread bad news about travellers' diarrhea in Turkey, or to take time to spell out preventive measures travellers could take."The NHS finds it difficult to define travellers' health, says Ron Behrens, the only NHS consultant in travel and director of the travel clinic of the Hospital for Tropical Diseases in London." Should it come within the NHS or should it be paid for? It's Gary area, and opinion is spilt. No one seems to have any responsibility for defining its role, he says.
To compound its low status in the medical hierarchy, travel medicine has to rely on statistics that are patchy at best. In most cases we just don't know how many Britons contract diseases when abroad. And even if a disease linked to travel there is rarely any information about where those afflicted went, what they are, how they behaved, or which vaccinations they had. This shortage of hard facts and figures makes it difficult to give detailed advice to people, information that might even save their lives.
A recent leader in British Medical Journal argued. "Travel medicine will emerge as credible disciplines only if the risks encountered by travellers and the relative benefits of public health interventions are well defined in terms of their relative occurrence, distribution and control. Exactly how much money is wasted by poor travel advice. The real figure is anybody's guess, but it could easily- run into millions. Behrens gives one example. Britain spends more than 1 million each year just on cholera vaccines that often don't work and so give people a false sense of security."Information on the prevention and treatment of all forms of diarrhea would be a better priority, he salts.
What does the author mean by saying "..., but it is notoriously difficult to gel anybody pay out money for keeping people healthy."?
查看材料
A．People don't pay attention to their health.
B．Few people are willing to support travel medicine.
C．Most travellers firmly believe that they will be safe.
D．Health comes last compared with others.
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Music Used as a Healing Therapy1 .Music has long been used to treat patients suffering from different problems.In 400 BC,its healing properties were documented by the ancient Greeks. More recently,in both world wars in the last century, medical workers used music therapy（疗法）with people suf-fering from trauma（外伤）.Currently, it is used as a treatment for many diseases, such as cancer,and it has also been used with patients with long-term pain and learning disabilities.2 .There is growing evidence that music can caused physical changes to the body which can im-prove our health. In the Welcome Trust study,which took place over three years at the Chelsea and Westminster hospital in London,patients were asked to listen to musical perform-ances. As a result,it was found that stress levels were significantly reduced,recovery times were improved,and fewer drugs were needed.3. These very positive results are partly due to general well-being（良好的健康状况）.It is already accepted that when people feel happy and have a positive approach to life,they are more likely to feel better and recover from disease quickly. Music increases this feeling of joy and adds to the recovery process.4 .However,not all these benefits can be attributed to an increase in general well-being. Music has other effects which have not yet been understood. According to Professor Robert-son,a scientist and musician,some effects of music are mysterious and are,therefore,being investigated further. It has been suggested that the sounds and rhythms of music help stimu-late the brain and send electrical messages to the muscles.5 .Science,however,demands facts and hard evidence. Many in the medical profession have not yet recognized the healing benefits of music,since reports have been based mainly on various stories of evidence. These new studies could provide proof to doctors that music is a suitable treatment for many conditions. One day doctors may even “prescribe”（开处方） music,but that could be a long time in the future.Paragraph 3______A: Potential Dangers of Music TherapyB: Increase in General WellBeingC: History of Music TherapyD: Other Mysterious Effects of MusicE: Positive Physical Changes Caused by MusicF: Music and Your Body
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第二篇As we have seen,the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease一especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors,such as poor eating habits,smoking,and failure to exercise.The line of thought involved in this shift can be pursued further. Imagine a person who is about the right weight , but does not eat very nutritious（有营养的）foods , who feels OK but exercises only occasionally , who goes to work every day , but is not an outstanding worker,who drinks a few beers at home most nights but does not drive while drunk, and who has no chest pains or abnormal blood counts,but sleeps a lot and often feels tired.This person is not ill.He may not even be at risk for any particular disease.But we can imagine that this person could be a lot healthier.The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely "not ill" and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the body's special needs.Both types have simply been called "well".In recent years,however,some health specialists have begun to apply the terms "well" and "weilness" only to those who are actively striving to maintain and improve their body's condition.Most importantly,perhaps,people who are well take active responsibility for all matters related to their health.Even people who have a physical disease or handicap（缺陷）may be "well" ,in this new sense,if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations."Wellness" may perhaps best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve,but as an ideal that people can strive for. People who are well are likely to be better able to resist disease and to fight disease when it strikes.And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living,the concept of weilness can have a beneficial impact on the way in which people face the challenges of daily life.The first paragraph implies that_________.A:good health is more than not being illB:sleeping a lot could be harmfulC:regular health checks are essential to keeping fitD:prevention is more difficult than care
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Music Used as a Healing Therapy1 .Music has long been used to treat patients suffering from different problems.In 400 BC,its healing properties were documented by the ancient Greeks. More recently,in both world wars in the last century, medical workers used music therapy（疗法）with people suf-fering from trauma（外伤）.Currently, it is used as a treatment for many diseases, such as cancer,and it has also been used with patients with long-term pain and learning disabilities.2 .There is growing evidence that music can caused physical changes to the body which can im-prove our health. In the Welcome Trust study,which took place over three years at the Chelsea and Westminster hospital in London,patients were asked to listen to musical perform-ances. As a result,it was found that stress levels were significantly reduced,recovery times were improved,and fewer drugs were needed.3. These very positive results are partly due to general well-being（良好的健康状况）.It is already accepted that when people feel happy and have a positive approach to life,they are more likely to feel better and recover from disease quickly. Music increases this feeling of joy and adds to the recovery process.4 .However,not all these benefits can be attributed to an increase in general well-being. Music has other effects which have not yet been understood. According to Professor Robert-son,a scientist and musician,some effects of music are mysterious and are,therefore,being investigated further. It has been suggested that the sounds and rhythms of music help stimu-late the brain and send electrical messages to the muscles.5 .Science,however,demands facts and hard evidence. Many in the medical profession have not yet recognized the healing benefits of music,since reports have been based mainly on various stories of evidence. These new studies could provide proof to doctors that music is a suitable treatment for many conditions. One day doctors may even “prescribe”（开处方） music,but that could be a long time in the future.Researchers have found that patients'stress levels decrease when they______.A: recover from disease quicklyB: there is not enough hard evidenceC: use their minds activelyD: it improves general well-beingE: listen to musical performancesF: it brings many other benefits
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Music Used as a Healing Therapy1 .Music has long been used to treat patients suffering from different problems.In 400 BC,its healing properties were documented by the ancient Greeks. More recently,in both world wars in the last century, medical workers used music therapy（疗法）with people suf-fering from trauma（外伤）.Currently, it is used as a treatment for many diseases, such as cancer,and it has also been used with patients with long-term pain and learning disabilities.2 .There is growing evidence that music can caused physical changes to the body which can im-prove our health. In the Welcome Trust study,which took place over three years at the Chelsea and Westminster hospital in London,patients were asked to listen to musical perform-ances. As a result,it was found that stress levels were significantly reduced,recovery times were improved,and fewer drugs were needed.3. These very positive results are partly due to general well-being（良好的健康状况）.It is already accepted that when people feel happy and have a positive approach to life,they are more likely to feel better and recover from disease quickly. Music increases this feeling of joy and adds to the recovery process.4 .However,not all these benefits can be attributed to an increase in general well-being. Music has other effects which have not yet been understood. According to Professor Robert-son,a scientist and musician,some effects of music are mysterious and are,therefore,being investigated further. It has been suggested that the sounds and rhythms of music help stimu-late the brain and send electrical messages to the muscles.5 .Science,however,demands facts and hard evidence. Many in the medical profession have not yet recognized the healing benefits of music,since reports have been based mainly on various stories of evidence. These new studies could provide proof to doctors that music is a suitable treatment for many conditions. One day doctors may even “prescribe”（开处方） music,but that could be a long time in the future.Music can treat patients partly because______.A: recover from disease quicklyB: there is not enough hard evidenceC: use their minds activelyD: it improves general well-beingE: listen to musical performancesF: it brings many other benefits
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第二篇As we have seen,the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease一especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors,such as poor eating habits,smoking,and failure to exercise.The line of thought involved in this shift can be pursued further. Imagine a person who is about the right weight , but does not eat very nutritious（有营养的）foods , who feels OK but exercises only occasionally , who goes to work every day , but is not an outstanding worker,who drinks a few beers at home most nights but does not drive while drunk, and who has no chest pains or abnormal blood counts,but sleeps a lot and often feels tired.This person is not ill.He may not even be at risk for any particular disease.But we can imagine that this person could be a lot healthier.The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely "not ill" and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the body's special needs.Both types have simply been called "well".In recent years,however,some health specialists have begun to apply the terms "well" and "weilness" only to those who are actively striving to maintain and improve their body's condition.Most importantly,perhaps,people who are well take active responsibility for all matters related to their health.Even people who have a physical disease or handicap（缺陷）may be "well" ,in this new sense,if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations."Wellness" may perhaps best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve,but as an ideal that people can strive for. People who are well are likely to be better able to resist disease and to fight disease when it strikes.And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living,the concept of weilness can have a beneficial impact on the way in which people face the challenges of daily life.We can learn from the passage that today medical care focuses on__________.A:curing disease and keeping people in healthy physical conditionsB:monitoring patients' body functionsC:removing peoples' bad living habitsD:ensuring peoples' psychological well-being
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第二篇As we have seen,the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease一especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors,such as poor eating habits,smoking,and failure to exercise.The line of thought involved in this shift can be pursued further. Imagine a person who is about the right weight , but does not eat very nutritious（有营养的）foods , who feels OK but exercises only occasionally , who goes to work every day , but is not an outstanding worker,who drinks a few beers at home most nights but does not drive while drunk, and who has no chest pains or abnormal blood counts,but sleeps a lot and often feels tired.This person is not ill.He may not even be at risk for any particular disease.But we can imagine that this person could be a lot healthier.The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely "not ill" and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the body's special needs.Both types have simply been called "well".In recent years,however,some health specialists have begun to apply the terms "well" and "weilness" only to those who are actively striving to maintain and improve their body's condition.Most importantly,perhaps,people who are well take active responsibility for all matters related to their health.Even people who have a physical disease or handicap（缺陷）may be "well" ,in this new sense,if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations."Wellness" may perhaps best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve,but as an ideal that people can strive for. People who are well are likely to be better able to resist disease and to fight disease when it strikes.And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living,the concept of weilness can have a beneficial impact on the way in which people face the challenges of daily life.What is the author's purpose in writing this article?A: To criticize the traditional view of the medical care.B:To compare the differences between the modern medical care and the traditional medical care.C:To tell us the change of the focus of medical care.D:To tell us the importance of the medical care.
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Music Used as a Healing Therapy1 .Music has long been used to treat patients suffering from different problems.In 400 BC,its healing properties were documented by the ancient Greeks. More recently,in both world wars in the last century, medical workers used music therapy（疗法）with people suf-fering from trauma（外伤）.Currently, it is used as a treatment for many diseases, such as cancer,and it has also been used with patients with long-term pain and learning disabilities.2 .There is growing evidence that music can caused physical changes to the body which can im-prove our health. In the Welcome Trust study,which took place over three years at the Chelsea and Westminster hospital in London,patients were asked to listen to musical perform-ances. As a result,it was found that stress levels were significantly reduced,recovery times were improved,and fewer drugs were needed.3. These very positive results are partly due to general well-being（良好的健康状况）.It is already accepted that when people feel happy and have a positive approach to life,they are more likely to feel better and recover from disease quickly. Music increases this feeling of joy and adds to the recovery process.4 .However,not all these benefits can be attributed to an increase in general well-being. Music has other effects which have not yet been understood. According to Professor Robert-son,a scientist and musician,some effects of music are mysterious and are,therefore,being investigated further. It has been suggested that the sounds and rhythms of music help stimu-late the brain and send electrical messages to the muscles.5 .Science,however,demands facts and hard evidence. Many in the medical profession have not yet recognized the healing benefits of music,since reports have been based mainly on various stories of evidence. These new studies could provide proof to doctors that music is a suitable treatment for many conditions. One day doctors may even “prescribe”（开处方） music,but that could be a long time in the future.Many doctors don't believe that music can treat diseases because______.A: recover from disease quicklyB: there is not enough hard evidenceC: use their minds activelyD: it improves general well-beingE: listen to musical performancesF: it brings many other benefits
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第二篇As we have seen,the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease一especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors,such as poor eating habits,smoking,and failure to exercise.The line of thought involved in this shift can be pursued further. Imagine a person who is about the right weight , but does not eat very nutritious（有营养的）foods , who feels OK but exercises only occasionally , who goes to work every day , but is not an outstanding worker,who drinks a few beers at home most nights but does not drive while drunk, and who has no chest pains or abnormal blood counts,but sleeps a lot and often feels tired.This person is not ill.He may not even be at risk for any particular disease.But we can imagine that this person could be a lot healthier.The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely "not ill" and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the body's special needs.Both types have simply been called "well".In recent years,however,some health specialists have begun to apply the terms "well" and "weilness" only to those who are actively striving to maintain and improve their body's condition.Most importantly,perhaps,people who are well take active responsibility for all matters related to their health.Even people who have a physical disease or handicap（缺陷）may be "well" ,in this new sense,if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations."Wellness" may perhaps best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve,but as an ideal that people can strive for. People who are well are likely to be better able to resist disease and to fight disease when it strikes.And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living,the concept of weilness can have a beneficial impact on the way in which people face the challenges of daily life.According to the second paragraph about the traditional care,which statement is true?A:if the person does not have' any unhealthy living habits,he is considered "well".B:If the person does not have any psychological disease,he is considererd "well".C:If the person could be able to handle his daily routines,he is considererd "well".D:If the nerson could be free from any kind of disease.he is considererd "well".
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Prolonging Human LifeProlonging human life has increased the size of the human population.Many people alive to-day would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago.Because more people live longer,there are more people around at any given time.In fact,it is a decrease in death rates,not an increase in birthrates,that has led to the population explosion.Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load.In all societies,people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them.In hunting and gathering cultures,old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die .In times of famine,infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved,whereas if the parents survived they could have another child.In most contempo- rary societies,people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work;we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age.Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement,somebody else must support them .In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in nearpoverty .Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged people;unless they have wealth or private or government insurance,they must often"go on welfare"if they have a serious illness.When older people become senile or too weak and ill to care for themselves,they create grave problems for their families.In the past and in some traditional cultures,they would be cared for at home until they died.Today,with most members of a household working or in school,there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person.To meet this need, a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built.These are often profit-making organizations,although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups.While a few of these institutions are good,most of them are simply"dumping grounds"for the dying in which"care"is given by poorly paid,overworked,and under-skilled personnel. The writer believes that the population explosion results from______.A: an increase in birthratesB: the industrial developmentC: a decrease in death ratesD: cultural advances
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第二篇As we have seen,the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease一especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors,such as poor eating habits,smoking,and failure to exercise.The line of thought involved in this shift can be pursued further. Imagine a person who is about the right weight , but does not eat very nutritious（有营养的）foods , who feels OK but exercises only occasionally , who goes to work every day , but is not an outstanding worker,who drinks a few beers at home most nights but does not drive while drunk, and who has no chest pains or abnormal blood counts,but sleeps a lot and often feels tired.This person is not ill.He may not even be at risk for any particular disease.But we can imagine that this person could be a lot healthier.The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely "not ill" and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the body's special needs.Both types have simply been called "well".In recent years,however,some health specialists have begun to apply the terms "well" and "weilness" only to those who are actively striving to maintain and improve their body's condition.Most importantly,perhaps,people who are well take active responsibility for all matters related to their health.Even people who have a physical disease or handicap（缺陷）may be "well" ,in this new sense,if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations."Wellness" may perhaps best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve,but as an ideal that people can strive for. People who are well are likely to be better able to resist disease and to fight disease when it strikes.And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living,the concept of weilness can have a beneficial impact on the way in which people face the challenges of daily life.According to the author,the true meaning of"weilness"is for people_________.A:to best satisfy their body's special needsB:to strive to maintain the best possible healthC:to meet the strictest standards of bodily healthD:to keep a proper balance between work and leisure
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Text3 Sitting in the dark in his Blackpool bedsit,Harry Harper dialled 999.He told the operator that he had a bread knife at his throat and wanted to kill himself.A few years earlier,Mr Harper had been happily married and running a successful business.But after his wife committed suicide and his firm went bust,his life spiralled out of control.He started drinking and was admitted to a number of psychiatric hospitals.With little support,calling 999 became routine.Mr Harper is not alone.Many people who feel overwhelmed by their personal problems come to use the emergency services as a crutch.Data from NHS England show that around 5,000 people attend major A&E units more than 20 times each year.Some doctors nickname them"frequent flyers".Most regions have no strategy for dealing with these patients.In some places,frequent callers have been cut off from the ambulance service,or sent letters reprimanding them for wasting NHS money.Some have even been served with anti-social behaviour orders,which,whcn broken,result in jail time.Now a promising scheme aims to offer more effective help to the most frequent users,thereby reducing their reliance on the emergency services.It was started in 2013 by Rhian Monteith,then a paramedic in Blackpool,where health outcomes are among the worst in Britain.She asked local NHS managers for the names of the area's most frequently seen patients,and was handed a list of 23 people,including Mr Harper.Many,like him,were middle-aged folk with mental-health problems.Ms Monteith tried to give them a sense of"social inclusion and purpose".Often they talked about their social needs,rather than their medical symptoms.So she arranged community activities,like volunteer work,and help with practical matters such as applying for benefits.Those who often got worked up to a crisis point were taught coping mechanisms.The effect was quick and dramatic.Within months,A&E attendances,999 calls and hospital admissions all dropped by about 90%among the group.Many began to put their lives back together.The model was extended to about 300 patients in Blackpool over the following three years,saving the NHS over~2m.In 2017 it was rolled out by 36 0fEngland's 195 regional NHS commissioning groups.Implementing the programme is not without difficulty.Many of the most prolific users of A&E have no fixed address or are homeless.And they must agree to their data being shared across different govemment agencies,which is sometimes a hard sell.But the evidence so far is encouraging.The most recent winter crisis revealed just how stretched A&E departments are.Rerouting frequent flyers to the appropriate services would benefit besieged doctors and paramedics,as well as the patients themselves.35.The author's attitude toward the scheme is one ofA.supportive.
B.objective.
C.skeptical.
D.unmentioned.
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Text3 Sitting in the dark in his Blackpool bedsit,Harry Harper dialled 999.He told the operator that he had a bread knife at his throat and wanted to kill himself.A few years earlier,Mr Harper had been happily married and running a successful business.But after his wife committed suicide and his firm went bust,his life spiralled out of control.He started drinking and was admitted to a number of psychiatric hospitals.With little support,calling 999 became routine.Mr Harper is not alone.Many people who feel overwhelmed by their personal problems come to use the emergency services as a crutch.Data from NHS England show that around 5,000 people attend major A&E units more than 20 times each year.Some doctors nickname them"frequent flyers".Most regions have no strategy for dealing with these patients.In some places,frequent callers have been cut off from the ambulance service,or sent letters reprimanding them for wasting NHS money.Some have even been served with anti-social behaviour orders,which,whcn broken,result in jail time.Now a promising scheme aims to offer more effective help to the most frequent users,thereby reducing their reliance on the emergency services.It was started in 2013 by Rhian Monteith,then a paramedic in Blackpool,where health outcomes are among the worst in Britain.She asked local NHS managers for the names of the area's most frequently seen patients,and was handed a list of 23 people,including Mr Harper.Many,like him,were middle-aged folk with mental-health problems.Ms Monteith tried to give them a sense of"social inclusion and purpose".Often they talked about their social needs,rather than their medical symptoms.So she arranged community activities,like volunteer work,and help with practical matters such as applying for benefits.Those who often got worked up to a crisis point were taught coping mechanisms.The effect was quick and dramatic.Within months,A&E attendances,999 calls and hospital admissions all dropped by about 90%among the group.Many began to put their lives back together.The model was extended to about 300 patients in Blackpool over the following three years,saving the NHS over~2m.In 2017 it was rolled out by 36 0fEngland's 195 regional NHS commissioning groups.Implementing the programme is not without difficulty.Many of the most prolific users of A&E have no fixed address or are homeless.And they must agree to their data being shared across different govemment agencies,which is sometimes a hard sell.But the evidence so far is encouraging.The most recent winter crisis revealed just how stretched A&E departments are.Rerouting frequent flyers to the appropriate services would benefit besieged doctors and paramedics,as well as the patients themselves.34.Which of the following statement is right about the scheme?A.NHS managers selected these patients randomly.
B.All of the 23 patients suffered mental-health problems.
C.Most ofthe 23 patients have got benefits.
D.It does not mainly focus on drug therapy.
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Text3 Sitting in the dark in his Blackpool bedsit,Harry Harper dialled 999.He told the operator that he had a bread knife at his throat and wanted to kill himself.A few years earlier,Mr Harper had been happily married and running a successful business.But after his wife committed suicide and his firm went bust,his life spiralled out of control.He started drinking and was admitted to a number of psychiatric hospitals.With little support,calling 999 became routine.Mr Harper is not alone.Many people who feel overwhelmed by their personal problems come to use the emergency services as a crutch.Data from NHS England show that around 5,000 people attend major A&E units more than 20 times each year.Some doctors nickname them"frequent flyers".Most regions have no strategy for dealing with these patients.In some places,frequent callers have been cut off from the ambulance service,or sent letters reprimanding them for wasting NHS money.Some have even been served with anti-social behaviour orders,which,whcn broken,result in jail time.Now a promising scheme aims to offer more effective help to the most frequent users,thereby reducing their reliance on the emergency services.It was started in 2013 by Rhian Monteith,then a paramedic in Blackpool,where health outcomes are among the worst in Britain.She asked local NHS managers for the names of the area's most frequently seen patients,and was handed a list of 23 people,including Mr Harper.Many,like him,were middle-aged folk with mental-health problems.Ms Monteith tried to give them a sense of"social inclusion and purpose".Often they talked about their social needs,rather than their medical symptoms.So she arranged community activities,like volunteer work,and help with practical matters such as applying for benefits.Those who often got worked up to a crisis point were taught coping mechanisms.The effect was quick and dramatic.Within months,A&E attendances,999 calls and hospital admissions all dropped by about 90%among the group.Many began to put their lives back together.The model was extended to about 300 patients in Blackpool over the following three years,saving the NHS over~2m.In 2017 it was rolled out by 36 0fEngland's 195 regional NHS commissioning groups.Implementing the programme is not without difficulty.Many of the most prolific users of A&E have no fixed address or are homeless.And they must agree to their data being shared across different govemment agencies,which is sometimes a hard sell.But the evidence so far is encouraging.The most recent winter crisis revealed just how stretched A&E departments are.Rerouting frequent flyers to the appropriate services would benefit besieged doctors and paramedics,as well as the patients themselves.31.Which of the following statement about Mr.Harper is right?A.He has severe mental illness.
B.He runs a bread company.
C.He is always calling 999.
D.His wife is murdered.
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It should not be a surprise.Loneliness and social isolation are on the rise,1 many to call it an epidemic.In recent decades the number of people with zero 2 has tripled,and most adults do not 3 a local community group.4,more than one-third ofAmericans over the age of45 report feeling lonely,with 5 especially high among those under 25 and over 65 years old."We live in the most technologically 6 age in the history of civilization,"writes former U.S.Surgeon General Vivek H.Murthy,"7 rates ofloneliness have doubled since the 1980s."While this 8 trend has grown,so has understanding ofits impact.By now the evidence is abundant and 9:social connection significantly affects health.When you believe that you have people in your life who l0 you,and you interact with them 11,you are better off.For instance,you may be less likely to catch a cold,have a stroke or heart disease,slip into early cognitive decline and 12 depression.You may even be more likely to overcome socioeconomic disadvantages,recover quickly from illness and live longer.A study at Harvard University that followed hundreds of people for 75 years 13 the quality of people's relationships as the single clearest predictor of their physical health,longevity and quality oflife.But the threat ofloneliness is still largely 14 from common health discourse,medical training and practice,and public awareness.lt's time to establish a dedicated 15 to further study,develop initiatives around,and promote social health-how well a person forms and 16 relationships,receives and reciprocates support and feels connected to others.In the same way that mental health has risen up in prominence,17 more and better research,treatment and advocacy,so too should social health.Indeed,researchers recently evaluated social connection using widely accepted public health criteria,including size,severity and urgency.They then 18 it to well-established public health priorities that receive considerable resources across public and private sectors,such as nutrition.19 not receiving similar resources,they concluded,social connection matches and in some cases 20 0ther priorities in impact.10选？A.count on
B.take after
C.bring up
D.care about
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第一篇US to Start $3.2 Billion Child Health Study in JanuaryA study that will cost$3.2 billion and last more than two decades to track the health of 100,000 US children from before birth to age 21 will be launched in January,US health officials said on Friday.Officials from the US government's National Institutes of Health said they hope the study,to be conducted at 105 locations throughout the United States,can help identify early-life influences that affect later development,with the goal of learning new ways to treat or prevent illness.The study will examine hereditary（遗传的）and environmental factors such as exposure to certain chemicals that affect health.Researchers will collect genetic and biological samples from people in the study as well as samples from the homes of the women and their babies including air,water,dust and materials used to construct their residences,the NIH said.Officials said more than $200 million has been spent already and the study is projected to cost$3.2 billion."We anticipate that in the long term（从长远来说）,what we learn from the study will result in a significant savings in the nation's health care costs,"Dr. Duane Alexander,who heads the NIH's Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development,told reporters.The study will begin in January when the University of North Carolina and the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York start signing up（签订协议）pregnant women whose babies will then be followed to age 21.Some of the early findings will be about factors behind pre-term birth（早产）,which has become more common in recent years,according to Dr. Peter Scheidt of the NIH,who heads the study.The people taking part will be from rural,urban and suburban areas,from all income and educational levels and from all racial groups,the NIH said.Which is NOT true of the people in the study?A:They'll be from various areas.B:They'll be from all income levels.C:They'll be from all educational levels.D:They'll be from all age groups.
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NHS has suffered from under-funding in recent decades,as a result of which many（）people have been turning to private medical health care.A、working classB、elderlyC、educatedD、better-off
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单选题Passage1Do who choose to go on exotic，far-flung holidays deserve free health advice before they travel？And even if they pay，who ensures that they get good，up-to-date information？Who，for that matter，should collect that information in the first place？For a variety of reasons，travel medicine in Britain is a responsibility nobody wants.As a result，many travellers go abroad prepared to avoid serious disease.Why is travel medicine so unloved？Partly there's an identity problem. Because it takes an interest in anything that impinges on the health of travelers ，this emerging medical specialism invariably cuts across the traditional disciplines. It delves into everything from seasickness，jet lag and the hazards of camels to malaria and plague. But travel medicine has a more serious obstacle to overcome. Travel clinics are meant to tell people how to avoid ending up dead or in a hospital when they come home，but it is notoriously difficult to get anybody pay out money for keeping people healthy.Travel medicine has also been colonized by commercial interests; the vast majority of travel clinics in Britain are run by airlines or travel companies. And while travel concerns are happy to sell profitable injections, they may be less keen to spread bad news about travellers' diarrhea in Turkey, or to take time to spell out preventive measures travellers could take.The NHS finds it difficult to define travellers' health,says Ron Behrens,the only NHS consultant in travel and director of the travel clinic of the Hospital for Tropical Diseases in London.Should it come within the NHS or should it be paid for?It's Gary area, and opinion is spilt. No one seems to have any responsibility for defining its role,he says.To compound its low status in the medical hierarchy, travel medicine has to rely on statistics that are patchy at best. In most cases we just don't know how many Britons contract diseases when abroad. And even if a disease linked to travel there is rarely any information about where those afflicted went, what they are, how they behaved, or which vaccinations they had. This shortage of hard facts and figures makes it difficult to give detailed advice to people, information that might even save their lives.A recent leader in British Medical Journal argued.Travel medicine will emerge as credible disciplines only if the risks encountered by travellers and the relative benefits of public health interventions are well defined in terms of their relative occurrence, distribution and control.Exactly how much money is wasted by poor travel advice. The real figure is anybody's guess, but it could easily run into millions. Behrens gives one example. Britain spends more than £ 1 million each year just on cholera vaccines that often don't work and so give people a false sense of security.Information on the prevention and treatment of all forms of diarrhea would be a better priority, he says.What can we infer from the first paragraph?A
Travel medicine is hard to prevail.B
People know little about travel medicine.C
People don't believe in travel medicine.D
Travellers can seldom get up-to-date information.
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单选题Passage1Do who choose to go on exotic，far-flung holidays deserve free health advice before they travel？And even if they pay，who ensures that they get good，up-to-date information？Who，for that matter，should collect that information in the first place？For a variety of reasons，travel medicine in Britain is a responsibility nobody wants.As a result，many travellers go abroad prepared to avoid serious disease.Why is travel medicine so unloved？Partly there's an identity problem. Because it takes an interest in anything that impinges on the health of travelers ，this emerging medical specialism invariably cuts across the traditional disciplines. It delves into everything from seasickness，jet lag and the hazards of camels to malaria and plague. But travel medicine has a more serious obstacle to overcome. Travel clinics are meant to tell people how to avoid ending up dead or in a hospital when they come home，but it is notoriously difficult to get anybody pay out money for keeping people healthy.Travel medicine has also been colonized by commercial interests; the vast majority of travel clinics in Britain are run by airlines or travel companies. And while travel concerns are happy to sell profitable injections, they may be less keen to spread bad news about travellers' diarrhea in Turkey, or to take time to spell out preventive measures travellers could take.The NHS finds it difficult to define travellers' health,says Ron Behrens,the only NHS consultant in travel and director of the travel clinic of the Hospital for Tropical Diseases in London.Should it come within the NHS or should it be paid for?It's Gary area, and opinion is spilt. No one seems to have any responsibility for defining its role,he says.To compound its low status in the medical hierarchy, travel medicine has to rely on statistics that are patchy at best. In most cases we just don't know how many Britons contract diseases when abroad. And even if a disease linked to travel there is rarely any information about where those afflicted went, what they are, how they behaved, or which vaccinations they had. This shortage of hard facts and figures makes it difficult to give detailed advice to people, information that might even save their lives.A recent leader in British Medical Journal argued.Travel medicine will emerge as credible disciplines only if the risks encountered by travellers and the relative benefits of public health interventions are well defined in terms of their relative occurrence, distribution and control.Exactly how much money is wasted by poor travel advice. The real figure is anybody's guess, but it could easily run into millions. Behrens gives one example. Britain spends more than £ 1 million each year just on cholera vaccines that often don't work and so give people a false sense of security.Information on the prevention and treatment of all forms of diarrhea would be a better priority, he says.Which of the following statement is not the problem of travel medicine?A
Traditional disciplines are not enough for travel medicine.B
Travel medicine has been colonized by commercial interests.C
The statistics about travellers are hard to obtain.D
People spend much money on poor travel advice.
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问答题Although the American economy has transformed itself over the years, certain issues have persisted since the early days of the republic. One is the continuing debate over the proper role for government in what is basically a marketplace economy. An economy based on free enterprise is generally characterized by private ownership and initiative, with a relative absence of government involvement. However, government intervention has been found necessary from time to time to ensure that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people, to prevent flagrant abuses, to dampen inflation and to stimulate growth.Ever since colonial times, the government has been involved, to some extent, in economic decision-making. The federal government, for example, has made huge investments in infrastructure, and it has provided social welfare programs that the private sector was unable or unwilling to provide. In a myriad of ways and over many decades, the government has supported and promoted the development of agriculture.
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单选题Although recent years have seen（）reductions in noxious pollutants from individual motor vehicles, the number of such vehicles has been steadily increasing.A
substantialB
substanceC
submitD
subjective
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单选题As a result of the epidemic of AIDS in Africa, _____.A
the life span for most of the people has been reduced by 40 yearsB
most young people have been infected with human immunodeficiency virusC
people will have to learn to live with the disease for over 50 yearsD
the achievements made in preserving people’s health in the past will be wiped off
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