考情前瞻:2021年考研英语医学类阅读理解模拟题及答案(八)
发布时间:2020-10-11
目前,2021年考研初试备考时间已不足三个月,不知各位小伙伴复习的如何了?在最后阶段,我们最需要做的是了解考试,而试题练习无疑是非常不错的方法。为了帮助大家备考,51题库考试学习网在下面为大家带来考研初试的一些模拟试题,一起练起来吧。
It was a big week for Alzheimer\'s disease, and not just because PBS aired The
Forgetting, a first-rate
documentary about Alzheimer\'s worth catching in reruns if you missed it the
first time. There was also a flurry of scientific news that offered hope to the
families already struggling with Alzheimer\'s, as well as to the baby-boom generation that\'s up next. Unless
something dramatic happens, the
number of Americans living with this terrifying brain disease could triple, to about 16 million, over the next 50 years. There\'s still no
cure in sight, but there is
progress on several fronts. Among them:
MEGADOSE VITAMINS Doctors knew vitamins E
and C, both antioxidants, help stave off Alzheimer\'s, at least in folks who haven\'t already
developed the disorder. What they didn\'t know——but a big study involving 4,740 participants published in the Archives of Neurology showed——was that the two vitamins taken together
in huge daily doses (at least 400 IU of E and more than 500 mg of C) could
reduce the risk of Alzheimer\'s a remarkable 78%.
COMBINATION THERAPY A yearlong study of
more than 400 Alzheimer\'s patients showed that two drugs that work differently
on the brain\'s chemistry act well together to help slow down the disease.
Patients who were being treated with donepezil (sold as Aricept), an older drug that preserves the
neurotransmitter acetylcholine, were
also given memantine (Namenda), a new
drug approved by the FDA last October that blocks overproduction of a harmful
brain chemical called glutamate. The two drugs worked even better in
combination than they did alone, providing substantial benefit for patients with moderate to severe Alzheimer\'s, according to a report in the Journal of
the American Medical Association.
BRAIN IMAGING Finally, scientists at the University of
Pittsburgh announced that they had successfully developed a procedure that
allows them to peer into the brains of Alzheimer\'s patients with positron
emission tomography (PET) scans to see telltale plaque deposits. Before now, doctors could not track the progress of
these plaques until after the patient died, when the brain could be autopsied. Using the new technique, doctors may be able to begin treatment
long before the first symptoms appear.
None of these advances is a magic bullet
for Alzheimer\'s disease. If you or your loved ones are concerned, the first step is careful evaluation by
your doctor. Not all memory lapses are Alzheimer\'s, and there are reversible causes of
forgetfulness that can be treated if caught early. Also, remember the old adage “use it or lose it.” Mental exercise——reading, doing crossword puzzles, playing chess or Scrabble——is as good for preserving your mind as physical exercise is for your
body.
注(1):本文选自Time; 2/2/2004, p78-78, 2/3p, 2c;
注(2):本文习题命题模仿对象第1题模仿2002年text 4第1题;第2题模仿1994年真题text 2 第3题;第3模仿2002年真题text 3 第3题,第4—5题模仿2004年text 3第4,5题;
1. From the first paragraph, we learn that_________.
[A] the baby-boom generation will not
suffer from Alzhemer‘s
disease
[B] recent progress brings hope for
Alzheimer victims
[C] the week was very important for Alzheimer‘s because a documentary about it was
shown on PBS
[D] the new achievements made on several
fronts show that Alzheimer‘s
disease can be cured
2. The phrase “stave off” (line 1, paragraph 2) most probably means “________”。
[A] getting
[B] treating
[C] curing
[D] preventing
3. The report in the Journal of the
American Medical Association shows that ____________.
[A] combination therapy refers to combining
two different ways of treatment
[B] donepezil helps blocks overproduction
of a harmful brain chemical called glutamate
[C] combination therapy is of great benefit
to all patients with Alzheimer‘s
[D] Aricept and Namenda have better effect
when used together than used separately
4. Why is brain imaging considered progress
in treating Alzhemer‘s?
[A] Because it helps doctors diagnose and
treat the disease in an early phase by tracking the progress of plaques in the
brain.
[B] Because it helps doctors autopsy the
brains of the patients after they died.
[C] Because it helps doctors see the plaque
desposits clearly so that they can operate on the brain.
[D] Because it helps doctors develop a new
procedure of tracking the progress of the disease.
5. To which of the following is the author
likely to agree?
[A] Alzhemer‘s disease can be cured thanks to the new advances.
[B] Forgetfulness can be cured by doing
mental exercise.
[C] Careful evaluation is important because
it can tell Alzheimer‘s from
curable memory lapses, which
can be treated if found in an early phase.
[D] Mental exercises do good only to
forgetfulness caused by reversible causes.
答案:B D D A C
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下面小编为大家准备了 研究生入学 的相关考题,供大家学习参考。
王文:哎,你们注意没有,这两天,胡锦涛主席去北美访问,随行的居然有70多家像海尔集团这样的企业“大腕”。上次加拿大总理访华,来了277家企业,360多人。领导人出访,带这么多企业代表干什么?
李波:这有什么新鲜!当年克林顿一上台不就宣布在世界上推销美国产品是他的责任吗?韩国更绝,居然要求所有的外交官都要成为韩国商品的推销员。
张彬:所以啊!EADS1的老总取德国总理施罗德访华,拿到了价值13亿美元的合同,包括23架空中客车,还有为北京奥运提供的安保系统。
李波:施罗德有什么办法?国内经济不景气,他可以用这些订单证明自己还是有海外营销能力的嘛。现在领导人出访可不能只谈友谊,经济合作程度是考察领导人出访成果的一个主要指标。
王文:难怪欧盟不顾美国反对,要取消对华武器禁运,看来也是出于经济利益的考虑。张彬:经济全球化时代竞争这么激烈,要保护本国利益,又不能损害别国利益,难啊,看来各国外交都得为经济“打工”。
李波:有位外交官不是说,50年前,如果大使讲经济会被认为是笑柄,现在大使如果不懂经济更会成为笑柄。冷战期间,国与国的较量,军事力量起着重要的作用。现在靠什么?还不是靠经济与技术!
王文:看来,世界真的变了。
注1:指欧洲航空防务与航天公司
根据以上材料回答问题:
为什么“现在大使如果不懂经济更会成为笑柄”?
“现在大使如果不懂经济更会成为笑柄"正是反映了国际形势变化下外交工作的新要求。经济全球化使各国各地区经济联系日益加深,通过外交政策和外交活动维护本国经济利益、促进共同发展成为各国外交关注的主要内容,大使不懂经济不行;和平与发展成为时代主题,在国家生存与安全利益得以保障的前提下,经济利益在国家利益中的地位上升,为本国经济和世界经济发展创造良好国际环境为各国外交面对的重要课题;冷战的教训使各国认识到,一个国家的强盛衰败最终起作用的是综合国力,尤其是经济与技术水平,经济外交成为各国外交的重要组成部分。
【命题依据】
冷战结束后,各国都把发展科技经济放在首位,把发展对外经济贸易关系和科技合作放在优先考虑的地位。以地缘、民族、宗教关系为纽带,积极开展经济交流与合作,寻求和开辟经济贸易关系的途径。发展经济贸易关系成为各国对外关系中的重要目标和实质内容之一。在国际关系中,政治与经济的关系愈来愈紧密。经济上的矛盾与争夺、控制与反控制、制裁与反制裁成为国际斗争的重要形式。经济因素不仅对各国国内政治,而且对国际政治产生重要影响。经济因素对世界政治的影响日益加大的原因在于:科技革命、经济发展直接导致各領综合国力的强弱和升降,从而影响到世界政治的发展;加快经济发展成为各国的首要目标,而这一目标的实现与否也会对世界政治发展产生影响;经济全球化使各国各地区联系更为密切,相互之间你中有我,我中有你,也使世界政治发展更趋复杂;经济利益成为各国关系发展的主导因素,当今世界各国的外交,首先是经济外交,即为经济服务的外交,经济成为外交的主要内容。冷战结束以后,国家的经济利益往往成为国家关系发展的主导因素,制约着政治制度与意识形态的对抗,使它们的关系一般不致脱离和平与发展这一主潮流。
国际关系中经济因素的作用日益增大,并不是排除和取代政治、军事因素的作用。在一定时期文化因素也会成为国际社会中的突出问题,而影响国际关系的发展,世界文化发展的大趋势无疑是各国的相互补充和相互吸取,各种文化的交流在规模和深度上都超越了历史上任何一个时代。同时,文化上的相互融合也不是无限的,差异在缩小,但价值观念的差异始终存在。就世界文化因素对国际关系发展的影响而言,我们既不能认为全球化必然会促成同一的全球文化,形成同一的世界价值体系,又不能像有些西方学者那样,过分强调不同文化的冲突方面.
【解题思路】
(1)本题考查当今世界经济和政治发展的一个重要趋势:经济因素对世界政治的影响日益加大。
(2)具体考查冷战后国际关系领域的重大变化和经济因素的重要性。
(3)回答第一问要从材料中找答案,根据材料找出经济因素在当今国家关系中逐渐重要这一趋势,第二问就是要回答这一趋势产生的原因。
是大于0而小于1。当人们收入很低甚至是零时,平均消费倾向也会大于1,因为此时也必须消费,哪怕借钱也要消费。例如,在图13-2中,当收入低于y0时,平均消费倾向就大于1。从图13—2中可见,当收入低于y0时,消费曲线上任一点与原点相连的连线与横轴所形成的夹角总大于45°,因而这时c>l。
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