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共用题干
How Technology Pushes Down Prices

1 Prices have fallen in the food business because of advances in food production and distribution tech-
nology.Consumers have benefited greatly from those advances.People who predicted that the world would
run out of food were wrong. We are producing more and more food with less and less capital.Food is there-
fore more plentiful and cheaper than it has ever been.Spending on food compared with other goods has fallen
for many years,and continues to drop.
2 Supermarkets have helped push down prices mainly because of their scale.Like any big business,
they can invest in IT systems that make them efficient. And their size allows them to buy in bulk.As super-
markets get bigger,the prices get lower.
3 Huge retail companies such as Wal-Mart have tremendous power and they can put pressure on pro-
ducers to cut their margins.As a result,some producers have had to make cuts.In recent years,Unilever
has cut its workforce by 33,000 to 245,000 and dropped lots of its minor brands as part of its"path to
growth"strategy.Cadbury has shut nearly 20 per cent of its 133 factories and cut 10 per cent of its 55,000
global workforce.These cuts help keep costs down,and the price of food stays low.
4 Does cheap food make people unhealthy?Cheap food may encourage people to eat more.Food corn-
panies certainly think that giving people more food for their money makes them buy more.Giving people bigger
portions is an easy way of making them feel they have got a better deal.That is why portions have got larger
and larger. In America,soft drinks came in 80z(225 g)cans in the past,then 120z(350g),and now
come in 200z(550g)cans.If a company can sell you an 80z portion for$7,they can sell you a 120z
portion for$8.The only extra cost to the company is the food,which probably costs 25 cents.
5 Now companies are under pressure to stop selling bigger portions for less money.But it is hard to
change the trend.

Besides cutting its workforce,Unilever also abandoned its__________.
A:their workforce
B:huge portions
C:large quantities
D:their money
E:a good bargain
F: minor brands

参考答案

参考解析
解析：文章第一段的主题句是第一句。这段主要讲食物价格下降的原因是生产和分配技术 的发展。
文章第二段主要讲的是超级市场因为规模大，能引进先进技术，故能提供低价格的 商品。
由文章第三段主题句“Huge retail companies...can put pressure on producers to cut theirmargins.”可知，超级零售商能迫使生产商降低商品价格。
文章第四段讲的是，食品公司给顾客提供每份量大的商品，能很容易使顾客感觉到他 们得到了一个大的折扣，这样顾客会买更多的商品。因此每份量大的食品价格便宜。
文章第二段提到“And their size allows them to buy in bulk.”其中in bulk = in large quantities。
文章第三段提到“As a result, some producers have had to make cuts."make cuts的意思 是“降价”。
文章第三段提到“Unilever...dropped lots of its minor brands...”由此可知答案为F。
文章第四段提到“Giving people bigger portions is an easy way of making them feel they have got a better deal.”其中a better deal = a good bargain。
更多 “共用题干 How Technology Pushes Down Prices1 Prices have fallen in the food business because of advances in food production and distribution tech- nology.Consumers have benefited greatly from those advances.People who predicted that the world would run out of food were wrong. We are producing more and more food with less and less capital.Food is there- fore more plentiful and cheaper than it has ever been.Spending on food compared with other goods has fallen for many years,and continues to drop.2 Supermarkets have helped push down prices mainly because of their scale.Like any big business, they can invest in IT systems that make them efficient. And their size allows them to buy in bulk.As super- markets get bigger,the prices get lower.3 Huge retail companies such as Wal-Mart have tremendous power and they can put pressure on pro- ducers to cut their margins.As a result,some producers have had to make cuts.In recent years,Unilever has cut its workforce by 33,000 to 245,000 and dropped lots of its minor brands as part of its"path to growth"strategy.Cadbury has shut nearly 20 per cent of its 133 factories and cut 10 per cent of its 55,000 global workforce.These cuts help keep costs down,and the price of food stays low.4 Does cheap food make people unhealthy?Cheap food may encourage people to eat more.Food corn- panies certainly think that giving people more food for their money makes them buy more.Giving people bigger portions is an easy way of making them feel they have got a better deal.That is why portions have got larger and larger. In America,soft drinks came in 80z(225 g)cans in the past,then 120z(350g),and now come in 200z(550g)cans.If a company can sell you an 80z portion for$7,they can sell you a 120zportion for$8.The only extra cost to the company is the food,which probably costs 25 cents.5 Now companies are under pressure to stop selling bigger portions for less money.But it is hard to change the trend.Besides cutting its workforce,Unilever also abandoned its__________.A:their workforceB:huge portionsC:large quantitiesD:their moneyE:a good bargainF: minor brands” 相关考题
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考题 共用题干 第三篇Food for LearningIn Eritrea,a small country in northeast Africa,approximately 80 percent of the population is illiterate. That percentage is even higher for women.As in many developing countries,most Eritreans have traditionalideas about the role of women.They believe that women should stay home and take care of the family and should not get an education or look for a job.These beliefs are one of the factors that prevent Eritrea and other developing countries from improving their economic situation. Experience in many countries has shown that educated women have fewer children and have more opportunities for improving their lives and the lives of their families.In Eritrea,in fact,there is great need for improvement.It is one of the poorest countries in the world.For many Eritrean families,getting enough food is a daily problem.To deal with these problems,the Eritrean government,together with the World Food Program,has a new program that offers food as a reward for learning. In primary schools,all the children receive food packages to take home to their families.However,with the new program,the girls receive 50 percent more food than the boys.This way,parents are encouraged to send their daughters to school rather than keeping them at home.Another government program that aims to educate women is Food for Training. Managed by the National Union of Eritrean Women,this pro缪m offers food rewards(also from the World Food Organization)to women and older girls who are willing to join the program.Because of the war with Ethiopia,many women are bring- ing up their families on their own.They often live in refugee camps,with no land of their own and no way to earn money. Most of these women are illiterate and have no skills to find a job.They spend most of their day looking for food and preparing it for their families.The Food for Training program helps the teenagers and women change their lives.If they agree to join he program,they receive a large package of food each month.In return,the women are required to attend freeliteracy classes for two卜ours every day. When Food for Training started with classes in two regions of Eritrea, 5,000 girls and women joined in the first two months.It is especially popular with teenage girls,aged fourteen to sixteen,who have never had a chance to go to school before.The organizers of Food for Training also plan to offer other kinds of courses for women,using the same system of food rewards.In these courses,they will teach women job skills and crafts,such as basket weaving. These women will not only learn to read and write,but also become aware of what is going on in their coun- try，and they will be able to have a voice in their future.The Eritrean government is offering extra food to girls in school in order to________.A:encourage parents to keep girls at homeB:change traditional attitudes towards womenC:help girls feed their familiesD:create more jobs for Eritrean teachers
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考题 共用题干 How Technology Pushes Down Prices1 Prices have fallen in the food business because of advances in food production and distribution tech- nology.Consumers have benefited greatly from those advances.People who predicted that the world would run out of food were wrong. We are producing more and more food with less and less capital.Food is there- fore more plentiful and cheaper than it has ever been.Spending on food compared with other goods has fallen for many years,and continues to drop.2 Supermarkets have helped push down prices mainly because of their scale.Like any big business, they can invest in IT systems that make them efficient. And their size allows them to buy in bulk.As super- markets get bigger,the prices get lower.3 Huge retail companies such as Wal-Mart have tremendous power and they can put pressure on pro- ducers to cut their margins.As a result,some producers have had to make cuts.In recent years,Unilever has cut its workforce by 33,000 to 245,000 and dropped lots of its minor brands as part of its"path to growth"strategy.Cadbury has shut nearly 20 per cent of its 133 factories and cut 10 per cent of its 55,000 global workforce.These cuts help keep costs down,and the price of food stays low.4 Does cheap food make people unhealthy?Cheap food may encourage people to eat more.Food corn- panies certainly think that giving people more food for their money makes them buy more.Giving people bigger portions is an easy way of making them feel they have got a better deal.That is why portions have got larger and larger. In America,soft drinks came in 80z(225 g)cans in the past,then 120z(350g),and now come in 200z(550g)cans.If a company can sell you an 80z portion for$7,they can sell you a 120zportion for$8.The only extra cost to the company is the food,which probably costs 25 cents.5 Now companies are under pressure to stop selling bigger portions for less money.But it is hard to change the trend.Buyers like bigger portions because they think they have got___________.A:their workforceB:huge portionsC:large quantitiesD:their moneyE:a good bargainF: minor brands
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考题 共用题干 How Technology Pushes Down Prices1 Prices have fallen in the food business because of advances in food production and distribution tech- nology.Consumers have benefited greatly from those advances.People who predicted that the world would run out of food were wrong. We are producing more and more food with less and less capital.Food is there- fore more plentiful and cheaper than it has ever been.Spending on food compared with other goods has fallen for many years,and continues to drop.2 Supermarkets have helped push down prices mainly because of their scale.Like any big business, they can invest in IT systems that make them efficient. And their size allows them to buy in bulk.As super- markets get bigger,the prices get lower.3 Huge retail companies such as Wal-Mart have tremendous power and they can put pressure on pro- ducers to cut their margins.As a result,some producers have had to make cuts.In recent years,Unilever has cut its workforce by 33,000 to 245,000 and dropped lots of its minor brands as part of its"path to growth"strategy.Cadbury has shut nearly 20 per cent of its 133 factories and cut 10 per cent of its 55,000 global workforce.These cuts help keep costs down,and the price of food stays low.4 Does cheap food make people unhealthy?Cheap food may encourage people to eat more.Food corn- panies certainly think that giving people more food for their money makes them buy more.Giving people bigger portions is an easy way of making them feel they have got a better deal.That is why portions have got larger and larger. In America,soft drinks came in 80z(225 g)cans in the past,then 120z(350g),and now come in 200z(550g)cans.If a company can sell you an 80z portion for$7,they can sell you a 120zportion for$8.The only extra cost to the company is the food,which probably costs 25 cents.5 Now companies are under pressure to stop selling bigger portions for less money.But it is hard to change the trend.Big supermarkets can offer food at lower prices because they can buy in__________.A:their workforceB:huge portionsC:large quantitiesD:their moneyE:a good bargainF: minor brands
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考题 共用题干 Genetically Modified FoodEver since they were first put on the market in the early 1990s,genetically modified(GM，转基因）foods have been increasingly developed and marketed in many countries in the world, mainly on the basis of their promise to end the worldwide food crisis.______(46)Even if it would,is it the best solution?Despite what it promises,GM technology actually has not increased the production potential （潜力）of any crop.______(47)For instance,a report that analyses nearly two decades of research on major GM food shows that GM engineering has failed to significantly increase US crop production.______(48)While GM seeds are expensive,GM companies tell farmers that they will make good profits by saving money on pesticides（杀虫剂）.On the contrary, US government data show that GM crops in the US have produced an overall increase in pesticide use compared to traditional crops."The promise was that you could use less chemicals and boost production.But neither is true,"said Bill Christison,President of the US National Family Farm Coalition.At the same time,the authors of the book World Hunger:Twelve Myths argue that there actually is more than enough food in the world and that the hunger crisis is not caused by production. ______(49)These indeed deserve our efforts and money. Meanwhile,the rise in food prices results from the increased use of crops for fuel rather than food shortage,according to a 2008 World Bank report.______(50)Another World Bank report concluded that GM crops have little to offer to the challenges of worldwide poverty and hunger,because better ways out are available,among which "green"farming is supposed to be the first choice._______（49）A:Problems come from food distribution and politics.B:But can GM technology solve world hunger problems?C:In fact,studies show that the most widely grown GM crop has suffered reduced productivity.D:As a matter of fact,scientists see better ways to feed the world.E:Something else,however,has been on the rise.F: GM has many benefits when it was used at the beginning.
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考题 共用题干 第二篇Ancient Egypt Brought Down by FamineEven ancient Egypt's mighty pyramid（金字塔）builders were powerless in the face of the famine（饥荒）that helped bring down their civilization around 2180 BC.Now evidencecollected from mud deposited by the River Nile suggests that a shift in climate thousands of kilometers to the south was ultimately to blame一and the same or worse could happen today.The ancient Egyptians depended on the Nile's annual floods to irrigate their crops.But any change in climate that pushed the African monsoons（季风）southwards out of Ethiopia would have reduced these floods.Declining rains in the Ethiopian highlands would have meant fewer plants to stabilize the soil.When rain did fall it would have washed large amounts of soil into the Blue Nile and into Egypt,along with sediment（沉积）from the White Nile.Blue Nile mud has a different isotope（同位素）signature from that of the White Nile.So by analyzing isotope differences in mud deposited in the Nile Delta,Michael Krom of Leeds University worked out what proportion of sediment came from each branch of the river.Krom reasons that during periods of drought,the amount of Blue Nile mud in the river would be relatively high.He found that one of these periods,from 4500 to 4200 years ago, immediately came before the fall of the Egypt's Old Kingdom.The weakened waters would have been disaster for the Egyptians."Changes that affect food supply don't have to be very large to have a ripple（波浪）effect in societies."says Bill Ryan of the Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory in New York.Similar events today could be even more devastating,says team member Daniel Stanley,a scientist from the Smithsonian Institution in Washington D.C,"Anything humans do to shift the climate belts would have an even worse effect along the Nile system today because the populations have increased dramatically."Why does the author mention"Egypt's mighty pyramid builders"?A:Because they once worked miracles.B:Because they were well-built.C:Because they were actually very weak.D:Because even they were unable to rescue their civilization.
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考题 Around the world more and more people are taking part in dangerous sports and activities．Of course，there have always been people who have looked for adventure--those who have climbed the highest mountains，explored（探险）unknown parts of the world or sailed in small boats across the greatest oceans．Now，however，there are people who seek（寻找）an immediate thrill（令人激动的事情）from a risky activity which may only last a few minutes or even seconds． I?would consider bungee（蹦极）jumping to be a good example of such an aetwity．You jump?from a high place（perhaps a bridge or a hot air balloon）200 metres above the ground with an elas-tic（弹性的）rope tied to your ankles．You fall at up to 150 kilometres an hour until the rope stops you from hitting the ground．It is estimated that 2 million people around the world have now tried bungee jumping．Other activities which most people would say are as risky as bungee jumping involve（包括）jumping from tall buildings and diving into the sea from the top of high cliffs． Why do people take part in such activities as these?Some psychologists（心理学家）suggestthat it is because life in modern societies has become safe and borin9．Not very long ago，people’s lives were constantly under threat．They had to go out and hunt for food，diseases could not easily be cured，and life was a continuous battle for survival． Nowadays，according to many people，life offers little excitement．They live and work in?comparatively safe environments;they buy food in shops;and there are doctors and hospitals to look?after them if they become ill.The answer for some of these people is to seek danger in activities such?as bungee jumping. In bungee jumping,you__________.A.jump as high as you can B.slide down a rope to the ground C.attach yourself to a rope and fall to the ground D.fall towards the ground without a rope
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考题 We should respect food and think about the people who don′t have__________we have here and treat food nicely.A.that B.which C.what D.whether
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考题 Around the world more and more people are taking part in dangerous sports and activities．Of course，there have always been people who have looked for adventure--those who have climbed the highest mountains，explored（探险）unknown parts of the world or sailed in small boats across the greatest oceans．Now，however，there are people who seek（寻找）an immediate thrill（令人激动的事情）from a risky activity which may only last a few minutes or even seconds． I?would consider bungee（蹦极）jumping to be a good example of such an aetwity．You jump?from a high place（perhaps a bridge or a hot air balloon）200 metres above the ground with an elas-tic（弹性的）rope tied to your ankles．You fall at up to 150 kilometres an hour until the rope stops you from hitting the ground．It is estimated that 2 million people around the world have now tried bungee jumping．Other activities which most people would say are as risky as bungee jumping involve（包括）jumping from tall buildings and diving into the sea from the top of high cliffs． Why do people take part in such activities as these?Some psychologists（心理学家）suggestthat it is because life in modern societies has become safe and borin9．Not very long ago，people’s lives were constantly under threat．They had to go out and hunt for food，diseases could not easily be cured，and life was a continuous battle for survival． Nowadays，according to many people，life offers little excitement．They live and work in?comparatively safe environments;they buy food in shops;and there are doctors and hospitals to look?after them if they become ill.The answer for some of these people is to seek danger in activities such?as bungee jumping. People probably take part in dangerous sports nowadays because__________.A.they have a lot of free time B.they can go to hospital if they are injured C.their lives lack excitement D.they no longer need to hunt for food
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考题 问答题Practice 2　　Prices have fallen in the food business because of advances in food production and distribution technology. Consumers have benefited greatly from those advances. People who predicted that the world would run out of food were wrong. We are producing more and more food with less and less capital. Food is therefore more plentiful and cheaper than it has ever been. Spending on food compared with other goods has fallen for many years, and continues to drop.　　Supermarkets have helped push down prices mainly because of their scale. Like any big business, they can invest in IT systems that make them efficient. And their size allows them to buy in bulk. As supermarkets get bigger, the prices get lower.　　Huge retail companies such as Wal-Mart have tremendous power and they can put pressure on producers to cut their margins. As a result, some producers have had to make cuts. In recent years, Unilever has cut its workforce by 33,000 to 245,000 and dropped lots of its minor brands as part of its “path to growth” strategy. Cadbury has shut nearly 20 per cent of its 133 factories and cut 10 per cent of its 55,000 global workforce. These cuts help keep costs down, and the price of food stays low.　　Does cheap food make people unhealthy? Cheap food may encourage people to eat more. Food companies certainly think that giving people more food for their money makes them buy more. Giving people bigger portions is an easy way of making them feel they have got a better deal. That is why portions have got larger and larger. In America, soft drinks came in 8oz (225g) cans in the past, then 12oz (350g), and now come in 20oz (550g) cans. If a company can sell you an 8oz portion for $ 7, they can sell you a 12oz portion for $ 8. The only extra cost to the company is the food, which probably costs 25 cents.　　Now companies are under pressure to stop selling bigger portions for less money. But it is hard to change the trend.
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