考试必备:国务院新闻办公室文件:中国核应急(双语3)
发布时间:2020-10-05
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III.All-round
Promotion of Nuclear EmergencyPreparedness
三、核应急"一案三制"建设
China lays great store by the planning,
andlegislative/institutional/regulatory systems (knownin Chinese as "One
Planning plus Three Systems")associated with nuclear emergency
preparedness,and ensures the establishment and full functioningof a national
nuclear emergency management systemthrough the safeguards of legislation,
institutionand regulations.
中国高度重视核应急的预案和法制、体制、机制(简称"一案三制")建设,通过法律制度保障、体制机制保障,建立健全国家核应急组织管理体系。
Strengthening national nuclear emergency
planning system building. The National NuclearEmergency Plan is an action
program pre-set by the central government to cope with nuclearaccident
scenarios. The National Nuclear Emergency Plan lays down a whole set of
regulations onthe organizational system, command and coordination mechanism,
emergency responseclassification, post-accident restoration actions, and
emergency preparation and safeguardmeasures related to nuclear emergency
preparation and response actions. In line with therequirements of the National
Nuclear Emergency Plan, governments at all levels and nuclearinstallation
operators must draw up nuclear emergency plans fully in keeping with the
NationalNuclear Emergency Plan, so as to form a nationwide system of nuclear
emergency planning.
加强全国核应急预案体系建设。《国家核应急预案》是中央政府应对处置核事故预先制定的工作方案。《国家核应急预案》对核应急准备与响应的组织体系、核应急指挥与协调机制、核事故应急响应分级、核事故后恢复行动、应急准备与保障措施等作了全面规定。按照《国家核应急预案》要求,各级政府部门和核设施营运单位制定核应急预案,形成相互配套衔接的全国核应急预案体系。
Strengthening nuclear emergency legislative
system building. China has put in place its ownnuclear emergency legal
framework, comprising state laws, administrative regulations,departmental
rules, national and industrial standards, and management guidelines. As early
asAugust 1993 China put into effect the Regulations on Emergency Management of
NuclearAccidents at Nuclear Power Plants. Since the beginning of this century
China has, in succession,enacted the Law of the People\'s Republic of China on
Prevention and Control of RadioactivePollution and Emergency Response Law of
the People\'s Republic of China, providing regulationsand requirements from the
legal perspective on nuclear emergency preparedness. In July2015 the newly
revised State Security Law of the People\'s Republic of China was
promulgated,further reinforcing the nuclear accident emergency system and
emergency response capacitybuilding to prevent, control and eliminate damage to
the life and health of the general publicand ecological environment. In keeping
with the foregoing laws and regulations, relevantdepartments of the government
have worked out and put into effect their respective regulationsand management
guidelines, and relevant institutions and nuclear-related industries havedrawn
up applicable technical standards. The military also has drawn up
relevantregulations, and established systems governing emergency rescue actions
associated withnuclear emergency preparedness. Currently efforts are being made
to push forward thelegislative process associated with the Atomic Energy Law
and Nuclear Safety Law.
加强核应急法制建设。中国基本形成国家法律、行政法规、部门规章、国家和行业标准、管理导则于一体的核应急法律法规标准体系。早在1993年8月就颁布实施《核电厂核事故应急管理条例》。进入本世纪以来,又先后颁布实施《中华人民共和国放射性污染防治法》《中华人民共和国突发事件应对法》,从法律层面对核应急作出规定和要求。2015年7月,新修订的《中华人民共和国国家安全法》开始实施,进一步强调加强核事故应急体系和应急能力建设,防止、控制和消除核事故对公众生命健康和生态环境的危害。与这些法律法规相配套,政府相关部门制定相应的部门规章和管理导则,相关机构和涉核行业制定技术标准。军队制定参加核电厂核事故应急救援条例等相关法规和规章制度。目前,正积极推进原子能法、核安全法立法进程。
Strengthening nuclear emergency management
system building. China implements a nuclearemergency management system
featuring unified leadership at the national level, overallcoordination,
assignment of responsibilities to different levels and emphasis on
localizedadministration. The nuclear emergency management is led and placed
under theresponsibility of the department designated by the central government.
The governments ofthe province (autonomous region or centrally administered
municipality) wherein nuclearinstallations are located are responsible for
nuclear emergency management within theirrespective jurisdictions. The operator
of the relevant nuclear installation and its seniorcompetent authority (unit)
shall be responsible for on-site emergency management.Wherever necessary, the
central government will lead, organize and coordinate nuclearemergency
management at the national level.
加强核应急管理体制建设。中国核应急实行国家统一领导、综合协调、分级负责、属地管理为主的管理体制。全国核应急管理工作由中央政府指定部门牵头负责。核设施所在地的省(区、市)人民政府指定部门负责本行政区域内的核应急管理工作。核设施营运单位及其上级主管部门(单位)负责场内核应急管理工作。必要时,由中央政府领导、组织、协调全国的核事故应急管理工作。
Strengthening nuclear emergency mechanism
building. China implements a nuclearemergency organization and coordination
mechanism featuring leadership by onedepartment and participation by multiple
departments. At the national level, a NationalNuclear Accident Emergency
Coordination Committee has been set up comprising relevantgovernmental and
military departments with the following main responsibilities:
implementingstate nuclear emergency work guidelines, drawing up national
policies for nuclear emergencymanagement, uniformly coordinating emergency
activities at the national level, and deciding,organizing and commanding
emergency assistance response actions. A National NuclearEmergency Office has
also been set up to undertake the routine work of the National NuclearAccident
Emergency Coordination Committee. At the provincial (regional and
municipal)levels, nuclear emergency coordination bodies have been established,
and operators ofnuclear installations have set up their respective nuclear
emergency bodies. At the national andprovincial (regional and municipal) levels
and within the operators of the nuclear installations,committees of experts or
the support organizations thereof have been established to provideadvice and
suggestions on nuclear emergency preparedness and response.
加强核应急机制建设。中国实行由一个部门牵头、多个部门参与的核应急组织协调机制。在国家层面,设立国家核事故应急协调委员会,由政府和军队相关部门组成,主要职责是:贯彻国家核应急工作方针,拟定国家核应急工作政策,统一协调全国核事故应急,决策、组织、指挥应急支援响应行动。同时设立国家核事故应急办公室,承担国家核事故应急协调委员会日常工作。在省(区、市)层面,设立核应急协调机构。核设施营运单位设立核应急组织。国家和各相关省(区、市)以及核设施营运单位建立专家委员会或支撑机构,为核应急准备与响应提供决策咨询和建议。
IV.Building and Maintenance of Nuclear
Emergency Capabilities
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Gypsies are often treated with disapproval, lack of trust, and lack of understanding because their way of life is so different from the way most other British people live.
吉普赛人的生活方式和大部分英国人大不相同,所以人们对吉普赛人的态度总是不以为然,很不信任,而且对他们的生活缺乏了解。
Just a couple of days ago, climbers, backed by United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), returned from the Himalayas, where they gathered first-hand accounts from monks, local people and other travelers on the state of the environment of the world's most famous mountain range. They have recorded in words, in photographs, and on film, the dramatic impacts that global warming is having on glaciers, causing them to rapidly thaw, and build up melt waters in mountain lakes. As a result, these lakes could soon burst, sending millions of tons of water and rubble swirling down the valleys threatening life and limb. // The expedition has also looked at the impacts of tourism on the mountains, concluding that much of what is happening is environmentally damaging, and a burden on the people, wildlife and landscapes of these once pristine wilderness areas. //
Every year World Environment Day is an occasion to pause and reflect on the state of the environment. This year especially, faced with the findings of our climbers, in the International Year of the Mountains, I urge you to "Give Earth a Chance". I ask you to look at our daily impact on the planet and its peoples, and to take action to improve our environmental behavior. //
Although mountains have been revered since time began, such beliefs are no longer enough to preserve fragile mountain ecosystems, for the well-being of all. We face an immense challenge, the challenge of ensuring their stability and preservation for the generations to come. //
Mountains are our water-towers. Mountains are a major source of energy. Mountains feed those living on them. Mountain ecosystems are linked to life in the lowlands, to freshwater and to the seas. Mountains are islands of rich biological and cultural diversity, home to unique plants, animals, languages and traditions. //
Sustainable development is a must. We need to combine the environmental dimension with social activity and economic development. This must be our common target, especially in mountain regions. Without sustainable development we cannot solve the problems. It is not enough to simply say we have a conservation plan for nature, and natural resources. // We must give people a chance to live and survive in these regions, therefore we need jobs; we need a perspective for young people to remain there and not go to the big cities. Mountains are virtual treasure chests of untapped economic potential—vital to sustainable development. This was recognized by the Earth Summit in Rio. //
Mountains attract tourists, but tourism has to be well managed to minimize impact on sensitive mountain environments. Respect should be the byword of the tourists, and tour operators, that bring people into contact with local people and landscapes, //The respect includes paying local people a decent wage, sourcing local food and materials where possible, and observing local customs, beliefs and traditions. Tourists are guests in other peoples' ecosystems and should behave as such. Mountains as a resource HAVE to be valued, and some of that value has to benefit mountain dwellers. Earnings from tourism should be shared equitably between all stakeholders. //
Especially this year, the International Year of Ecotourism, every effort should be made to promote Ecotourism in mountains. For some communities and regions, sustainable tourism can be a first step towards sustainable development. Let us hope that all societies will come to revere mountains, and thus be motivated to invest in them, preserve this unique asset, and in turn reap benefit from it. //
On this World Environment Day let us all begin to act for the conservation not only of the mountains, but the sea, the land, water and the air too. Let us act to give the Earth a chance. An unpolluted pristine environment is vital to our survival, a precious resource, which will only endu
由联合国环境署资助的登山队员几天前刚刚从喜马拉雅山返回,登山队员们从当地的僧人、居民和其他游客那里收集到了第一手有关这座世界上最著名山脉的环境现状资料。他们以文字、照片和胶片记录下了全球升温对冰川所产生的剧烈影响:冰川迅速融化,化成的水流入山地湖泊中,导致湖水不久将涨满溢出,致使数以百万吨的水夹杂着石块冲入山谷,从而对人类生命构成威胁。//队员们还考察了旅游业对喜马拉雅山地区带来的影响,认为目前所开展的旅游活动对环境都具有破坏性,同时也使这里的居民、野生动物和自然景观背上了沉重的负担,而这里原本就属于原始野生地区。// 一年一度的世界环境日使我们有机会静下心来,对目前的环境状况进行反思。今年的世界环境日更是如此;面对我们登山队员的调查结果,在这个国际山岳年里,我谨此敦促各位“给我们的地球一线生机”。我要求各位审视一下我们的日常生活给这个星球及其居民带来的影响,并采取行动,改进我们的环境行为。// 尽管人们自古以来便对山岳怀有一种崇敬感,但如今仅靠这种崇敬之情已不足以维系脆弱的山岳生态系统从而造福人类了。我们当前面临的巨大挑战是如何为了我们的子孙后代而确保维护山岳生态系统的平衡。// 山是我们的水塔,也是能源生成的主要之地。山养育着依靠它生存的人们。山岳生态系统与低洼地区的生物密切相关,同时也与淡水和海洋密切相关。山岳中蕴藏着丰富的生物和多元的文化,是许多珍奇动、植物、和独特的语言及传统的发源地。// 可持续发展势在必行。我们必需将环境的各个方面与社会活动和经济发展结合起来,特别是在山区,这必须成为我们的共同目标。若不能实现可持续发展,便不能解决我们面对的各种问题。仅仅说我们已制订了保护大自然和自然资源的计划是远远不够的。//我们必须使人们有条件在这些地区生活和生存下去。为此,我们需要在当地创造就业机会,从而使年青一代有希望能留下来,而不是涌入大城市。山岳实际上是个宝库,储存着尚未被充分开发的、对可持续发展至关重要的经济潜力。这一点已得到里约地球首脑会议的认可。// 山岳对游客有着巨大的吸引力,但旅游业必须得到良好的管理,以最大限度地减少旅游业对山岳的敏感环境产生影响。我们的旅游从业人员将游客带到当地与当地居民接触并欣赏那里的自然景观,尊重必须成为游客和旅游从业人员的行为规范。//这种尊重包括付给当地居民合理的工资、尽可能使用当地的食品和物资,遵守当地的习俗、观念和传统。游客是造访他乡生态系统的客人,因此其行为举止应符合游客的身份。山岳作为一种资源其价值必须得到重视,当地山民应能从中得到实惠。旅游业的收益应在所有的利益相关者之间进行公平分配。// 今年是国际生态旅游年,大家应不遗余力地推动山岳生态旅游业的发展。对于某些社区和地区而言,发展可持续旅游业大可成为其努力实现可持续发展的第一步。我们希望,所有社会都将逐步建立起对山岳的尊重,进而产生投资山区的兴趣、努力保护这一独特的资产,并从中获益。// 值此世界环境日之际,让我们一道不仅为保护我们的山岳、而且还为保护海洋、陆地、水和空气而采取行动。让我们携起手来,给我们的地球一线生机。没有遭到污染的原始环境对于我们的生存至关重要,因为只有给地球留有生机,才能使这种宝贵的资源得以延续。// (联台国环境署前执行长官克劳斯?特普费尔在2002年6月5日世界环境日上的讲话“给地球一线生机”)
没有人可以否认,几百万的私人小企业大大地推动了国家的经济。
No one can deny that millions of small private enterprises have fuelled the nation's economy.
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