最后冲刺：2021年考研英语阅读模拟题（八）

发布时间：2020-10-22

最近，有小伙伴在询问最后阶段，考研英语该如何备考才最有效。最后阶段，我们应该将备考的重点放在复习和了解考试上，多去练习历年真题和模拟试题。下面，51题库考试学习网为大家带来考研初试的一些模拟试题，一起来看看吧。

For hundreds of years，the criminal law has been built around the idea that wrongdoers must be punished for their crimes.The most basic argument for punishment is that it preserves law and order and respects for authority.From this point of view，punishment does two things.It upholds the law，and it prevents others from thinking they can get away with doing the same thing without punishment.Punishment is based on the idea that many people have a barely controlled desire to act in forbidden ways.

One of the best ways to reduce crime is to reform or rehabilitate habitual criminals.The main problem is not the first offender or the petty thief but the repeated offender who commits increasingly serious crimes.According to criminologists，crime would decrease greatly if all such offenders could be turned away from wrongdoing.But U.S.prisons have had little success in rehabilitating inmates.About two-thirds of the people arrested in any year have a previous criminal record.

Rehabilitation of criminals could probably be improved greatly if experts could provide the right kind of program for different types of offenders.Criminals vary widely in the kinds of crimes they commit，their emotional problems，and their social and economic backgrounds.Not all offenders can be helped by the same treatment.Many require the aid of physicians，psychiatrists，or psychologists.Others respond well to educational or vocational training.In the early 1990s，there were about 1，300，000 criminals in U.S.city，county，state，and federal correctional institutions，and about 500，000 more were out on parole.Society spent more than $15 billion to operate prisons and related institutions yearly，but only a small part of this sum went to provide treatment.Nearly all the funds were used to feed and clothe prisoners and to keep them under control.

Since the 1ate 1970s，however，there has been a trend toward punishment rather than rehabilitation of offenders.Prison sentences are longer.Capital punishments have been used more frequently since the U.S.Supreme Court lifted a death penalty ban in 1976.Nevertheless，crime prevention should aim to prevent people from becoming criminals in the first place.Such a goal probably would benefit from reform programs in urban slums.These programs would include improved housing，schools，and recreation programs and increased job opportunities.

There are many other ways to reduce crime.People can be educated or persuaded to take greater precautions against crime.They can be taught，for example，how to protect their homes from burglary.Automobile thefts would drop sharply if drivers removed their keys and locked their cars when leaving them.Better lighting helps discourage purse-snatchings and other robberies on city streets and in parks.Many experts believe that strict gun-licensing laws would greatly reduce crime.

1.The belief that people tend to behave in forbidden ways____.

[A] leads to the formulation of the criminal law

[B] makes people value order above all else

[C] convinces people that crimes should be eliminated from the society

[D]is a false one that should not be taken seriously

2.In the second paragraph the author implies____.

[A] the U.S.prison system is not working effectively enough to reform criminals

[B] the best way to reduce crime rate is to rehabilitate habitual criminals

[C] reforming criminals in prison will turn them away from wrongdoing

[D] crimes would decrease if people‘s desire could be healthily channeled

3.The author speculates that rehabilitation can be made more effective if____.

[A] reform is directed to the criminals‘ emotional problems

[B] rehabilitation is aimed at changing the economic and social environment

[C] rehabilitation is facilitated by physicians，psychiatrists or psychologists

[D] crimes are dealt with in the ways that suit each kind

4.According to the author，punishment is a better means than rehabilitation in reducing crime rate____.

[A] so it should be used in place of rehabilitation

[B] so stricter sentences are absolutely necessary

[C] yet it does not work well in many cases

[D] but preventing crime is even more effective

5. The author concludes the passage by pointing out that____.

[A] the present gun-licensing laws are held responsible for most of the crimes

[B] educational failure accounts for most of the present offences

[C] more help should be provided for released criminals

[D] the long-term reduction of crime rate depends on multiple improvements

以上就是51题库考试学习网为大家带来的全部内容，希望能给大家一些帮助。51题库考试学习网提醒：2021年考研正式报名已经开始，在预报名阶段未来得及报名的小伙伴要注意了。另外，小伙伴们如果还有其他关于考研信息的疑问，也可以留言咨询哦。

下面小编为大家准备了研究生入学的相关考题，供大家学习参考。

求助者向心理咨询师主倾诉，他很喜欢某女同学，为此，天天想，日夜思，十几年没有改变对她的钟情。后来这个女同学考上大学而且有了男友，但是他仍然痴情不改，并认为该女生对自己不忠诚。心理咨询师发现患者无任何幻觉，也无情感障碍，思路清晰，反应灵敏正确。这可能是

A.精神分裂症
B.强迫症
C.偏执型人格障碍
D.强迫型人格障碍

答案：C

解析：

人格障碍的分类及各类表现。偏执型人格障碍。对他人存有普遍的不信任和猜疑，把他人的动机解释为恶意。因此，C选项正确。精神分裂症的临床症状复杂多样，可涉及感知觉、思维、情感、意志行为及认知功能等方面，个体之间症状差异很大，即使同一患者在不同阶段或病期也可能表现出不同症状。强迫症患者个性中或多或少存在追求完美、对自己和他人高标准严要求的倾向，有一部分患者病前即有强迫型人格，表现为过分的谨小慎微、责任感过强、希望凡事都能尽善尽美，因而在处理不良生活事件时缺乏弹性，表现得难以适应。患者内心所经历的矛盾、焦虑最后只能通过强迫性的症状表达出来。强迫型人格障碍是人格障碍的一种类型，患者做事往往谨小慎微，希望所有事都能做到尽善尽美，如果症状不是十分严重，往往可在工作中取得比较大的成就，但有时会因过分注重细节、墨守成规，反而影响工作效率。在生活中此类患者常会用严苛的尺度衡量周围事物，使自己和身边的人陷入紧张、焦虑的氛围。

发生在每期期初的年金，称为( )。

A.预付年金
B.普通年余
C.永续年金
D.递延年金

答案：A

解析：

预付年金的现金流发生在期初。

某评论家认为,凡音乐家都无一例外的有着为人惊叹的审美能力,每一个有着为人惊叹的审美能力的人都有着极高的自我修养,所有有着极高的自我修养的人都没受过高等教育,只有受过高等教育才是音乐学院的毕业生,有的音乐学院的毕业生是炙手可热的歌手。以下哪项如果为真,最能削弱上述评论家的观点?

A.有的炙手可热的歌手是音乐家。
B.所有的音乐家都是炙手可热的歌手。
C.所有炙手可热的歌手都是音乐家。
D.所有音乐家部不是炙手可热的歌手。
E.炙手可热的歌手不都是音乐家。

答案：C

解析：