考前必看：2021年考研英语工学类阅读理解模拟题及答案（二十五）

发布时间：2020-10-12

英语是考研初试当中比较拉分的科目，历来令不少考生又爱又恨。许多考生的英语都有很大的进步空间，因此英语该如何学就成为了众多考生关心的重点。想要学好英语，实战经验很重要。下面，51题库考试学习网为大家带来考研初试英语科目的一些模拟试题，正在备考的小伙伴赶紧练起来吧。

Many people think that information technology and biotechnology will rule the 21st century. Robert Birge， a chemist at the University of Connecticut， is trying to combine them， by making computer memories out of protein.

The protein in question is bacteriorhodopsin (bR)， a molecule that undergoes a structural change when it absorbs light. By using genetic engineering to tweak wild bR from a bacterium called Halobacterium salinarum， Dr Birge and his colleagues have made a variety of the molecule that they claim is well-suited to act as an element of a computer\'s memory. Hit with a green light， it adopts one shape. Hit subsequently with a red light， it twists itself into another. Then， if hit with blue light， it resets itself into its original state.

To make a memory from the protein， Dr Birge suspends elements made from it in a transparent plastic cube known as a cuvette. A pair of lasers arranged at right angles to one another write data into the cuvette by shining in turn on “slices” through the plastic matrix. The first laser， which produces green light， sweeps the whole cuvette， causing its protein contents to take on a shape that (in binary code) is designated as “zero”。 The second laser， which produces red light， then stimulates particular sites to take the second shape. This corresponds to “one” in binary code. Once the lasers are switched off， data recorded this way will， according to Dr Birge， remain stable for more than 12 years.

To read the stored data， a low-powered red laser is shone slice by slice through the cuvette. This does not disturb the conformation of the protein molecules; but those in state “zero” absorb light at this wavelength. A machine placed behind the cuvette detects this absorption pattern and translates it into the appropriate string of ones and zeroes. Once the contents have been read into a more conventional storage device， the cuvette can be wiped clean and reset by illuminating it with a blue laser.

Dr Birge says that each cuvette can now hold about seven gigabytes of data (a small laptop computer might have about this much space on its hard drive)。 He hopes to boost that figure to ten gigabytes by finding a better-performing variety of the protein. Only those with deep pockets， however， could afford the $25，000 cost of each device.

Luckily for Dr Birge， the deep-pocketed American air force thinks that bR cuvettes could be a good way to equip its aircraft and satellites with light， high-density devices to store the mountains of images collected during reconnaissance missions. A protein-based memory is particularly suitable for this， because the bR molecule is robust enough to withstand the barrage of radiation from space that wreaks havoc on conventional magnetic-memory devices operating at high altitude.

注(1)：本文选自Economist; 12/22/2001， p94， 1/2p， 1c;

注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象2001年真题Text 3(第一题到第三题); 2004年真题Text 1(第四题和第五题);

1. What is the passage mainly about?

[A]What will rule the 21st century.

[B]How bacterial protein can be used in computers.

[C]What we can get from bacterial protein.

[D]How to make bacterial protein.

2. The application of bR turns out to be___________.

[A]very trustworthy

[B]rather superficial

[C]somewhat contradictory

[D]quite encouraging

3. The basic problem of applying bR to computer lies in ____________.

[A]limited space on hard drive

[B]its complexity

[C]its high price

[D]its limited users

4. Which of the following is not the advantage of bR?

[A]Working at higher altitude.

[B]Light weight.

[C]High density.

[D]Safe from strong radiation.

5. Which of the following is true according to the text?

[A]bR has a wide variety of application in life.

[B]The protein molecules have stable characteristics.

[C]The data recorded with bR can be kept for a long time.

[D]The new device will replace conventional storage device.

答案：BDCAC

以上就是51题库考试学习网为大家带来的全部内容，希望能给大家一些帮助。51题库考试学习网提醒：在最后阶段，调整自己的心态也是非常重要的，每年都有考生临考前放弃，所以小伙伴们要注意不要给自己太大的压力哦。另外，小伙伴们如果还有其他关于考研信息的疑问，也可以留言咨询哦。

下面小编为大家准备了 研究生入学 的相关考题，供大家学习参考。

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肺气肿最常继发于
A.大叶性肺炎 B.支气管扩张症 C.慢性支气管炎 D.支气管哮喘

答案：C

解析：

肺气肿常继发于其他肺阻塞性疾病，其中最常见的是慢性支气管炎，约占80% ~90%。其后依 次为支气管哮喘、支气管扩张症、硅肺、慢纤空洞型肺结核和肺间质纤维化（注意：不是间质性肺炎）等。

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引起系统性红斑狼疮组织损伤的是

A.自身抗体
B.CD8＋淋巴细胞
C.苏木素小体
D.狼疮细胞

答案：C

解析：

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针对春节火车票一票难求的现象，请你用供求理论分析其中的原理，并据此提出解决的办法

答案：

解析：

(1)一票难求现象的经济学解释：春节是中国传统团圆的节日，大量外出务工人员都会选择回家过年，而铁路交通是返乡的主要交通选择，因此春节火车票的市场需求曲线向右平行移动的幅度很大。然而，修建新的铁路在短期内是不容易完成的，因此，供给曲线是垂直的。在春节期间会加开一些列车来缓解供需矛盾，但是通过这种措施新增的火车票供给是非常有限的，因此，供给曲线向右移动的幅度是非常小的，从而使得需求远超于供给，出现一票难求。如图2-3所示，在春节期间，火车票的需求曲线由左向右移动，由供给曲线可以发现，增加座位数会导致价格上涨。然而由于春节期间，相对于汽车票和飞机票，火车票的价格一般比较稳定不会上涨，此时形成巨大的超额需求，因而会出现一票难求的现象。

(2)一票难求现象的解决办法：①从供给方面，增加火车座位供给，如多修铁路、多加临时车、增加车厢的长度等，同时适当地调整汽车和飞机的票价，引导部分乘客选用汽车或飞机等出行方式，改善铁路运输的集中拥挤现象。②从需求方面，减少地域的不平衡发展，使得更多的外出务工人员能够在家乡附近工作，从而减少春节期间对火车的需求。另外，改善外出务工人员在外地过节的环境，适当予以补贴，使更多的人选择在工作地过年或错开回家的时间，同样可以减少和缓解对火车票的需求。

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《中华人民共和国合同法》第73条第1款规定：“因债务人怠于行使其到期债权，对债权人造成损害的，债权人可以向人民法院请求以自己的名义代位行使债务人的债权，但该债权专属于债务人自身的除外。” 请分析此条法律规定(包括该条文所规定权利的含义、行使条件及行使方式)。

答案：

解析：

(1)此法条是关于债权人代位权的规定。代位权是指当债务人怠于行使其对第三人的权利而危害债权实现时，债权人享有的以自己名义代位行使债务人权利的权利。　　

(2)债权人代位权的行使条件包括：　　

①须债务人对第三人享有权利　　

②须债务人怠于行使权利且因此可能危孕债权人的权利

③须债权人对债务人的债权已届清偿期而未获清偿　　

④须债务人对第三人的权利为非专属性权利和可以强制执行的权利　　

(3)债权人代位权的行使必须通过诉讼的方式进行

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