专项练习：2021年考研英语基础模拟题（六十五）

发布时间：2020-10-26

英语是考研初试当中比较拉分的科目，历来令不少考生又爱又恨。许多考生的英语都有很大的进步空间，因此英语该如何学就成为了众多考生关心的重点。想要学好英语，实战经验很重要。下面，51题库考试学习网为大家带来考研初试英语科目的一些模拟试题，正在备考的小伙伴赶紧练起来吧。

Section III Writing

Part A

51. Directions:

You are going to host a club reading session. Write an email of about 100 words recommending a book to the club members.

You should state reasons for your recommendation.

You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.

Do not write the address (10 points)

Part B

52. Directions:

Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following picture. In your essay, you should

1) describe the picture briefly,

2) interpret its intended meaning, and

3) give your comments.

You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)

参考答案：

Part A (10 points)

Dear friends,

With the pleasure to be the host of the upcoming reading session, I am writing to recommend you a book I have just read, Three Days to See, written by Helen Keller.

I recommend this book for the following reasons. First, this book is an autobiography of Helen Keller, which shows the mysterious miracle and strong power of mankind as she showed in her great life. Second, it teaches people to make good use of their eyes and to see the world earnestly with them. At last, it encourages us to accept the challenges of destiny and never give up when facing difficulties with the personal experiences of the author herself.

I hope you can benefit from the book I recommend and share your reviews on it in the reading session. If you need any more information, you can contact me.

Sincerely,

Li Ming

Part B (20 points)

The drawing illustrates four youngsters sitting around a table with bowls and chopsticks and all kinds of dishes on it. Staring at the phones in their hands, they lose themselves, so that they are absolutely indifferent to the presence of their companions.

The drawing intends to unveil a common social phenomenon that many youngsters are indulging in the virtual network and are ignoring the real life, even if they are in a dinner party, sounded by live people. Admittedly, the prevalence of smart phones brings convenience to the modern life. People can do some reading, play games and have immediate communication with anyone anywhere in the world. On the other hand, because of people’s excessive reliance, mobile phones have invaded every corner of our life. Those youngsters would rather choose online chatting than face-to-face interaction. As a result, lack of exercises can increase the risks of health problems. What is more, addiction to phones is disadvantageous to the establishment of interpersonal relationship.

In my opinion, the advantages and disadvantages can coexist for mobile phones, a necessity of life. We should adopt correct attitude, carry out rational utilization, and maximize their strengths. In addition, humans are social beings. They should be encouraged to lay down their phones and involved in all kinds of activities, which will benefit their bodies and harmonious relationship with others.

以上就是51题库考试学习网为大家带来的全部内容，希望能给大家一些帮助。51题库考试学习网提醒：在最后阶段，调整自己的心态也是非常重要的，每年都有考生临考前放弃，所以小伙伴们要注意不要给自己太大的压力哦。另外，小伙伴们如果还有其他关于考研信息的疑问，也可以留言咨询哦。

下面小编为大家准备了研究生入学的相关考题，供大家学习参考。

The Internet affords anonymity to its users,a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech.But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3?Last month,Howard Schmidt,the nation’s cyber-czar,offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place-a“voluntary trusted identity”system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key,a fingerprint and a photo ID card,all rolled 6 one.The system might use a smart identity card,or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer.and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems.User could 9 which system to join,and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems.The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver’s license 10 by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these“single sign-on”systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.12.the approach would create a“walled garden”n cyberspace,with safe“neighborhoods”and bright“streetlights”to establish a sense of a 13 community.Mr.Schmidt described it as a“voluntary ecosystem”in which“individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14,trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs”.Still,the administration’s plan has 16 privacy rights activists.Some applaud the approach;others are concerned.It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet“drive’s license”mentality.The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts,who worry that the“voluntary ecosystem”envisioned by Mr.Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet 19.They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves,in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.3选？

A.careless
B.lawless
C.pointless
D.helpless

答案：B

解析：

词义辨析【直击答案】本空格所在句是Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3？…that seems increasingly 3修饰限定前面的world，解答该题仍需要根据上文信息推断。网络犯罪席卷互联网，可推断出网络世界看起来越来越没有法律性可言。所以正确答案选B项lawless。【命题思路】该题考查词义辨析。【干扰排除】A项careless“粗心大意的”，C项pointless“毫无意义的”，D项helpless“无助的”，不能与上文safety and security形成对立关系。都是干扰项。Last month,Howard Schmidt,the nation's cyberczar,offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place—a“voluntary trusted identity”system that would be the hightech 5 of a physical key,a fingerprint and a photo ID card,all rolled 6 one.The system might use a smart identity card,or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer,and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems.User could__9__which system to join,and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems.The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver's license__10 by the government.【译文】上月，美国网络安全总管Howard Schmidt先生向联邦政府提出了一个使网络更为安全的建议—一个相当于集实物钥匙、指纹和照片身份证为一体的高科技“自愿信任身份识别”系统。该系统可以使用智能身份证，或者与特定电脑相连的数字证书，然后在一系列网络服务网站验证用户身份。这个想法是要建立一个私营网络身份识别系统的联盟。用户可以选择加入哪个网络系统，只有那些身份已经通过验证的注册用户才可以在这些系统中自由通行。这一方法与需要政府颁发互联网驾照的方法有所不同。

2001年9月8日下午，某村村民李某饲养的看门狗在同村屠户林某的肉铺里叼走一块肉，林某上前用棍子将狗打跑，狗在慌忙逃跑中撞上一头正在路上游荡的家猪，猪受到惊吓而乱跑时，将在此间行走的七旬老太高某撞倒，导致高老太胫骨骨折，经过住院治疗花去医疗费人民币2 OOO元。事后，高老太要求打狗人林某赔偿，林某称：“是因为狗偷吃肉铺里的肉我才去打狗，撞伤你是由狗引起的，你应该去找养狗人。”养狗人李某则称：“直接撞伤你的不是我的狗，而是麦某的猪，要找就找麦某去。”养猪人麦某则认为：“我的猪被撞上，按理说也是受害者，而且一连串事件是因为打狗人造成的。”各方相互推脱责任。高老太只好诉至法院。
问：谁的主张能够成立？本案应当如何处理？试运用民法原理并结合我国有关法律规定加以分析。

答案：

解析：

【详解】
《侵权责任法》第78条规定，饲养的动物造成他人损害的，动物饲养人或者管理人应当承担侵权责任；但能够证明损害是因被侵权人故意或者重大过失造成的，可以不承担或者减轻责任。第83条规定，因第三人的过错致使动物造成他人损害的，被侵权人可以向动物饲养人或者管理人请求赔偿，也可以向第三人请求赔偿。动物饲养人或者管理人赔偿后，有权向第三人追偿。可见，动物致人损害民事责任属于无过错责任，其构成要件是：(1)需要有饲养的动物伤人的事实。饲养的动物一般指家畜、家禽和驯养的野兽，也包括鸟、鱼、蜂、蛇等动物，甚至还包括在逃逸、遗失期间的饲养动物。饲养的动物伤人是指动物基于其本能所造成的他人的损害，如狗咬人、马踢人等，而非指动物在他人的驾驭、支配下造成的损害。(2)损害事实的客观存在。(3)动物加害与损害后果间有因果关系。饲养动物致人损害的侵权责任的承担者是动物的饲养人和管理人。承担者不能以自己对动物的致损后果没有过错来主张免责。
本案中，打狗人林某作为第三人是否具有过错，应当根据一般侵权行为中的过错责任原则来考査。过错是民法理论上的一个专门用语，它是指行为人在实施违法的加害行为时，对该行为将导致的后果所抱的一种心理状态。过错可以分为故意和过失。故意分为两种：一种是指行为人预见到自己的行为会导致某种后果，并希望这种结果发生，民法理论上称这样一种心理状态为直接故意；另一种是指预见到自己的行为会导致某种后果，但却放任这种结果的发生，民法理论上称这种心理状态为间接故意。过失可以分为重过失和轻过失，重过失是指基于特定的职业或身份或者基于与受害人之间的特定关系，行为人负有较高标准的注意义务，如果行为人连一般人的较低标准的注意义务都没有尽到，而导致损害后果发生的，即属于重过失。轻过失则是指负有较高标准注意义务的人，已尽到较低标准的注意义务，但未尽到其特定的较高标准的注意义务，结果导致了损害结果的发生。
本案中，狗和猪相撞并伤及高老太确实是由打狗人林某的打狗行为所引起的，但一般人根本不会预见到打狗会造成这样一连串的后果，因此对林某来说，高老太受伤属于意外事件。所谓意外事件是指损害结果的发生为行为人所不能预见。由于不能预见，就不能要求行为人加以避免或预防，因此林某没有过错。这种抗辩仅适用于过错责任的场合。意外事件常见的有两种类型：一是外在因素的介入，引起无法预见的因果序列的变化。二是事物本身固有的某种致损风险，由于其发生几率极低，为通常的注意所不可预见。主张成立意外事件者，必须证明两个方面的事实:其一，损害的发生归因于行为人以外的原因；其二，行为人已经尽到他在当时应尽的注意义务。至于该外来原因是否具有人力所不可抗拒的性质，在所不论。意外事件是一般侵权责任的免责抗辩事由，所以林某不应该承担损害赔偿责任。本案作为动物致人损害的特殊侵权行为，养狗人李某和养猪人麦某作为动物的所有人和管理人，构成共同侵权。共同侵权行为就是指二人以上共同实施的侵权行为。《侵权责任法》第8条第1款规定，二人以上共同实施侵权行为，造成他人损害的，应当承担连带责任。和单独侵权行为相比，共同侵权行为具有以下特征：一是主体的复合性，即有两个以上的加害人存在。二是行为的共同性，即数人的行为相互联系，构成一个统一的造成损害的原因。行为的共同性并不以数个行为人共同的意思联络为要件，要各行为人对行为所致损害后果有过错，且各行为相互间的联系构成引起损害后果的统一原因即可。三是结果的单一性，即共同加害行为造成了一个统一的不可分割的结果。共同侵权行为种类大致有以下几种：(1)基于一个共同意思联络而实施的共同侵权行为。(2)基于违反共同注意义务而实施的共同侵权行为。(3)基于共同关联行为和分别过错而实施的共同侵权行为。(4)基于分别过错行为的结合而实施的共同侵权行为。(5)在相同时间、相同地点从数个相同行为人中不能确认谁是加害人的共同侵权行为。共同侵权行为的民事责任，包括外部和内部两个方面的关系。从外部关系讲，共同侵权人对共同侵权行为所产生的损害后果承担连带责任，即每个共同侵权人都有义务向债权人清偿全部债务。从内部关系讲，存在共同侵权民事责任的分配和追索，即确定每一个共同行为人应承担的份额，并规定在共同行为人中的一人偿付了全部损失后，其有权向其他行为人追索，直到其全部追索完毕。在本案中，李某的狗叼走林某肉铺的肉，麦某的猪于无人看管时在外游荡，狗撞到猪，猪受惊撞伤高老太，狗和猪的致害行为密切相关，不可分割，并且没有抗辩事由存在，所以李某和麦某应当承担连带赔偿责任。

1998 -93.鼻衄，目眩耳鸣，烦躁易怒，两目红赤者，首选
A.大柴胡汤 B.泻心汤 C.黛哈散 D.龙胆泻肝汤 E.滋水清肝饮

答案：D

解析：

辨证为肝火上炎之鼻衄，治当用龙胆泻肝汤清肝泻火，凉血止血。

听觉的三个基本特性

A.音调、振幅和波形
B.音调、音响和音色
C.频率、振幅和波形
D.音调、音响和波形

答案：B

解析：

声音的物理特性包括频率、振幅和波形，它们决定了听觉的基本特性音调、音响和音色。

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