考前冲刺：2021年考研初试英语模拟试题(2020-09-02)

发布时间：2020-09-02

2021年考研初试备考时间已经不多，按照往年经验，大多数考生都已经进入了最后的复习阶段。在这一阶段，除了教材复习之外，适当的习题练习也是非常重要的。下面，51题库考试学习网为大家带来考研英语的一些模拟试题，赶紧练起来吧。

There is extraordinary exposure in the United States to the risks of injury and death from motor vehicle accidents.More than 80 percent of all households own passenger cars or light trucks and each of these is driven an average of more than 11，000 miles each year.Almost one-half of fatally injured drivers have a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.1 percent or higher.For the average adult，over five ounces of 80 proof spirits would have to be consumed over a short period of time to attain these levels.One third of drivers who have been drinking，but fewer than 4 percent of all drivers，demonstrate these levels.1)Although less than 1 percent of drivers with BACs of 0.1 percent or more are involved in fatal crashes，the probability of their involvements is 27 times higher than for those without alcohol in their blood.There are a number of different approaches to reducing injuries in which drinking plays a role.Based on the observation that excessive consumption correlates with the total alcohol consumption of a country‘s population，it has been suggested that higher taxes on alcohol would reduce both.While the heaviest drinkers would be taxed the most，anyone who drinks at all would be punished by this approach.

To make drinking and driving a criminal offense is an approach directed only at drinking drivers.In some states，the law empowers police to request breath tests of drivers committing any traffic offense and higher BAC can be the basis for arrest.The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration estimates，however，that even with increased arrests，there are about 700 violations for every arrest.At this level there is little evidence that laws are effective ways to reduce drunk driving.In Britain，motor vehicle accidents fell 25 percent immediately following implementation of the Road Safety Act in 1967. 2) As Britishers increasingly recognized that they could drink and not be stopped，the effectiveness declined，although in the following three years the death-rate seldom reached that observed in the seven years prior to the Act.

Whether penalties for driving with a high BAC or excessive taxation on consumption of alcoholic drinks will deter the excessive drinker responsible for most accidents is unclear.One thing is clear，however：unless we deal with automobile and highway safety and reduce accidents in which alcoholic drinking plays a role，many will continue to die.

1.The author is primarily concerned with____.

[A] interpreting the results of surveys on traffic accidents

[B] reviewing the effectiveness of attempts to reduce drunk driving

[C] analyzing the causes of the large number of annual traffic deaths

[D] making an international comparison of experience with drunk driving

2.It can be inferred that the 1967 Road Safety Act in Britain____.

[A] changed an existing law to lower the BAC level which defined drunk driving

[B] made it illegal for the drunk driver to drive

[C] increased the number of drunk driving arrests

[D] placed a tax on the sale of alcoholic drinks

3.The author implies that a BAC of 0.1 percent ____. the sale of alcoholic drinks

[A] is unreasonably high as a definition of drunk driving

[B] penalizes the moderate drinker while allowing the heavy drinker to consume without limit

[C] is well below the BAC of most drivers who are involved in fatal crashes

[D] proves that a driver has consumed five ounces of 80 proof spirits over a short time

4.The author cites the British example in order to____.

[A] show that the problem of drunk driving is worse in Britain than in the U.S.

[B] prove that stricter laws against drinking drivers would reduce traffic deaths

[C] prove that a slight increase in the number of arrests of drunk drivers will not deter drunk driving

[D] suggest that taxation of alcohol consumption may be more effective than criminal laws

5.The word“deter”in the last paragraph probably means____.

[A] prevent

[B] encourage

[C] punish

[D] threaten

以上就是51题库考试学习网为大家带来的全部内容，希望能给大家一些帮助。在做完练习题后，小伙伴们要做好反思以及总结工作，找出自己的不足之处哦。另外，小伙伴们如果还有其他关于考研的疑问，也可以留言咨询哦

下面小编为大家准备了 研究生入学 的相关考题，供大家学习参考。

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公民基本权利也被称为宪法权利。关于公民基本权利的说法，以下表述正确的是( )

A.人权是基本权利的来源，基本权利是人权宪法化的具体表现
B.基本权利的主体主要是公民，在我国法人也可以作为基本权利的主体
C.我国公民在行使自由和权利的时候，不得损害国家的、社会的、集体的利益和其他公民的合法的自由和利益
D.权利和义务的平等性是我国公民基本权利和义务的重要特点

答案：A,C

解析：

基本权利的主体主要是公民，外国人和法人只能是在一定的条件下成为行使某些基本权利而不是完全的基本权利的主体，在享有基本权利的范围内，宪法效力适用于外国人和法人的活动。B选项错误。我国宪法对公民基本权利义务的规定，体现出的特点有：广泛性、平等性、现实性、权利义务一致性。D选项中在描述权利义务时用“平等性”不恰当，因此该选项错误。

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简述元认知策略。

答案：

解析：

元认知就是对认知的认知。具体地说，就是个人对自己的认知过程及结果的意识和控制。一方面，元认知来自我们过去的认知活动；另一方面，学生已经形成的元认知又会对他们随后的认知或学习活动产生影响。 元认知结构包括元认知知识、元认知体验和元认知监控这三个既互相独立又相互关联的组成部分。 元认知知识就是有关认知的知识，是对有效完成任务所需的技能、策略及其来源的意识，是在认知之前的一种认识。 元认知体验是指伴随着认知活动产生的认知体验和情感体验。 元认知监控是指在认知主体进行认知活动的全过程中，将自己正在进行的认知活动作为意识对象，运用自我监控的机制，不断地对认知过程进行积极自觉的监视、控制和调节。 元认知具有两个独立但又相互联系的成分：对认知过程的知识和观念与对认知行为的调节和控制。 元认知策略是指学生对自己学习过程的有效监控。包括计划策略、监视策略、调节策略。元认知策略教学应该注意以下几方面：提高学生元认知学习的意识；丰富学生关于元认知的知识和体验；加强对学生元认知操作的指导；给学生创设和谐、民主的反馈条件；注意引导学生对非智力因素的调控。 元认知训练方法有自我提问法、相互提问法、知识传授法。

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由水谷精微之气申慄悍滑利部分化生的气是（　　）
A.宗气
B.元气
C.营气
D.卫气

答案：D

解析：

《素问．痹论》说：“卫者，水谷之悍气也.其气疾滑利”

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