一文带你详细了解ACCA与CPA的区别，哪个更好考？

发布时间：2019-01-09

今天小编来和大家聊一聊ACCA与CPA考试的不同，一起来看看吧。


1.报考条件不同


ACCA的报考条件奉行宽进严出的原则，凡年满16周岁的中国公民都可以报考。


CPA报考条件则要严格很多，在校大学生只有大四的时候才可以报考。


2.考试时间不同


ACCA考季多，每年3月、6月、9月、12月都有设置考试周，备考时间灵活，前三门随学随考，剩下的科目每年四个考季中可以选择任意一个考季报考。


CPA每年只有一次考试时间，CPA专业阶段考试一般在每年10月第二周的周末进行考试；综合阶段考试一般在8月底的一周进行考试。


3.考试内容不同


CPA考试一共是六门科目，再加一门综合，分别是会计、审计、财务管理、税法、经济法、战略，这六门科目基本呈并列关系，难度相差不大，钻研的也很深。


而ACCA的知识体系则是呈阶梯状的，难度也是层层递进，内容涉及到财务呈报体系、审计体系、财务管理体系、法律体系和税收体系，ACCA基本上涵盖了本科财务相关专业的所有教学和硕士教学的部门科目。


CPA考试科目没有ACCA多，但CPA考试内容丰富，多会出现偏题和怪题现象，因此平均通过率低于ACCA。


4.考试语言不同


CPA是国内注会考试，自然用的是中文考试。而ACCA是国际注册会计师，由于它是英国的财会证书，因此在全球施行统一标准，全部使用英文教学和答题。因此，这对参加ACCA考试的人来说，英语能力也有一定的要求，而最终完成ACCA考试的人毫无疑问是精通英语的国际复合型财务人才。


从考试内容来看，ACCA14门科目和英语形式的答题吓到了不少人，但其实ACCA对于英语要求并不高，把财会类的专业名词掌握了就行，而且ACCA对于财会相关专业的考生还有不同程度的科目免考，最多可以免考九门，更重要ACCA考核内容只占所学内容的三分之一，题目形式固定，不会出现偏题怪题的。


5.考试角度不同


CPA侧重于会计和审计，最终服务于审计，因此一般只考虑财务因素，考的更多的是计算，要求精准、快速，考试的题型一般是主客观题各占一半，大部分都不需要论述，具有唯一标准的答案。


ACCA更侧重于以实际案例为背景，要求考生进行分析，提升ACCA考生发现、分析和解决问题的能力。在这过程中，ACCA要求考生结合财务因素和非财务因素，从多角度去考虑问题。除了前几门ACCA科目以客观题为主之外，之后的大部分科目都以主观题为主，没有所谓的标准答案，ACCA考官只需要考生独到的见解和有力的分析。


6.就业前景不同


CPA培养的是执业注册会计师，它的目标在于培养专才。而ACCA的目标在于培养复合型的高级管理人才，而非一般的记账员或审计员。


ACCA在国内被称为国际注册会计师，认可ACCA的全球8500多家雇主，这其中包括四大会计师事务所、世界知名银行、顶尖投行、大型国有企业等等。像快消品的可口可乐、沃尔玛、耐克；通信领域的华为、苹果；金融服务事务所的德勤、HSBC等；生产制造的美的、飞利浦等等都是认可ACCA雇主中的一部分。


ACCA学员毕业后的就职方向：外资银行金融投资分析师；跨国公司的财务、内审、金融、风险控制人员；国际会计师事务所的审计师、咨询师；国内境外上市公司的财务、金融分析人员；国内审计师事务所的涉外部门主管等。


目前在国内的含金量很高，拿到CPA证书之后，在很多企业中可以任职主管会计、财务经理、财务总监等职位。因为拿下CPA就拥有签字权，所以在国内CPA也基本是财务管理层的必备证书。因此无论是求职还是升职，CPA都是一个很好的选择。


综合ACCA和CPA以上各方面的对比，小伙伴心里应该有自己的选择了，那就行动起来吧！

下面小编为大家准备了 ACCA考试 的相关考题，供大家学习参考。

3 Johan, a public limited company, operates in the telecommunications industry. The industry is capital intensive with

heavy investment in licences and network infrastructure. Competition in the sector is fierce and technological

advances are a characteristic of the industry. Johan has responded to these factors by offering incentives to customers

and, in an attempt to acquire and retain them, Johan purchased a telecom licence on 1 December 2006 for

$120 million. The licence has a term of six years and cannot be used until the network assets and infrastructure are

ready for use. The related network assets and infrastructure became ready for use on 1 December 2007. Johan could

not operate in the country without the licence and is not permitted to sell the licence. Johan expects its subscriber

base to grow over the period of the licence but is disappointed with its market share for the year to 30 November

2008. The licence agreement does not deal with the renewal of the licence but there is an expectation that the

regulator will grant a single renewal for the same period of time as long as certain criteria regarding network build

quality and service quality are met. Johan has no experience of the charge that will be made by the regulator for the

renewal but other licences have been renewed at a nominal cost. The licence is currently stated at its original cost of

$120 million in the statement of financial position under non-current assets.

Johan is considering extending its network and has carried out a feasibility study during the year to 30 November

2008. The design and planning department of Johan identified five possible geographical areas for the extension of

its network. The internal costs of this study were $150,000 and the external costs were $100,000 during the year

to 30 November 2008. Following the feasibility study, Johan chose a geographical area where it was going to install

a base station for the telephone network. The location of the base station was dependent upon getting planning

permission. A further independent study has been carried out by third party consultants in an attempt to provide a

preferred location in the area, as there is a need for the optimal operation of the network in terms of signal quality

and coverage. Johan proposes to build a base station on the recommended site on which planning permission has

been obtained. The third party consultants have charged $50,000 for the study. Additionally Johan has paid

$300,000 as a single payment together with $60,000 a month to the government of the region for access to the land

upon which the base station will be situated. The contract with the government is for a period of 12 years and

commenced on 1 November 2008. There is no right of renewal of the contract and legal title to the land remains with

the government.

Johan purchases telephone handsets from a manufacturer for $200 each, and sells the handsets direct to customers

for $150 if they purchase call credit (call card) in advance on what is called a prepaid phone. The costs of selling the

handset are estimated at $1 per set. The customers using a prepaid phone pay $21 for each call card at the purchase

date. Call cards expire six months from the date of first sale. There is an average unused call credit of $3 per card

after six months and the card is activated when sold.

Johan also sells handsets to dealers for $150 and invoices the dealers for those handsets. The dealer can return the

handset up to a service contract being signed by a customer. When the customer signs a service contract, the

customer receives the handset free of charge. Johan allows the dealer a commission of $280 on the connection of a

customer and the transaction with the dealer is settled net by a payment of $130 by Johan to the dealer being the

cost of the handset to the dealer ($150) deducted from the commission ($280). The handset cannot be sold

separately by the dealer and the service contract lasts for a 12 month period. Dealers do not sell prepaid phones, and

Johan receives monthly revenue from the service contract.

The chief operating officer, a non-accountant, has asked for an explanation of the accounting principles and practices

which should be used to account for the above events.

Required:

Discuss the principles and practices which should be used in the financial year to 30 November 2008 to account

for:

(a) the licences; (8 marks)

正确答案：
Licences
An intangible asset meets the identifiability criterion when it is separable or it arises from contractual or other legal rights (IAS38
‘Intangible Assets’). Additionally intangible assets are recognised where it is probable that the future economic benefits attributable
to the asset will flow to the entity and the asset’s cost can be reliably measured. Where intangible assets are acquired separately,
the asset’s cost or fair value reflects the estimations of the future economic benefits that are expected to flow to the entity. The
licence will, therefore, meet the above criteria for recognition as an intangible asset at cost. Subsequent to initial recognition,
IAS38 permits an entity to adopt the cost or revaluation model as its accounting policy. The revaluation model can only be adopted
if intangible assets are traded in an active market. As the licence cannot be sold, the revaluation model cannot be used.
The cost model requires intangible assets to be carried at cost less amortisation and impairment losses (IAS38, para 74).
Amortisation is the systematic allocation of the depreciable amount of an intangible asset over its useful life. The depreciable
amount is the asset’s cost less its residual value. The licence will have no residual value. The depreciable amount should be
allocated on a systematic basis over its useful life. The method of amortisation should reflect the pattern in which the asset’s
economic benefits are expected to be consumed. If that pattern cannot be determined reliably, the straight line method of
amortisation must be used. The licence does not suffer wear and tear from usage, that is the number of customers using the
service. The economic benefits of the licence relate to Johan’s ability to benefit from the use of the licence. The economic benefits
relates to the passage of time and the useful life of the licence is now shorter. Therefore, the asset depletes on a time basis and
the straight line basis is appropriate. The licence should be amortised from the date that the network is available for use; that is
from 1 December 2007. An impairment review should have been undertaken at 30 November 2007 when the licence was not
being amortised. Although the licence is capable of being used on the date it was purchased, it cannot be used until the associated
network assets and infrastructure are available for use. Johan expects the regulator to renew the licence at the end of the initial
term and thus consideration should be given to amortising the licence over the two licence periods, i.e. a period of 11 years (five
years and six years) as the licence could be renewed at a nominal cost. However, Johan has no real experience of renewing licences
and cannot reliably determine what amounts, if any, would be payable to the regulator. Therefore, the licence should be amortised
over a five year period, that is $24 million per annum.
There are indications that the value of the licence may be impaired. The market share for the year to 30 November 2008 is
disappointing and competition is fierce in the sector, and retention of customers difficult. Therefore, an impairment test should be
undertaken. Johan should classify the licence and network assets as a single cash generating unit (CGU) for impairment purposes.
The licence cannot generate revenue in its own right and the smallest group of assets that generates independent revenue will be
the licence and network assets. The impairment indicators point to the need to test this cash generating unit for impairment.

5 All managers need to understand the importance of motivation in the workplace.

Required:

(a) Explain the ‘content theory’ of motivation. (5 marks)

正确答案：
5 The way in which managers treat their employees can significantly influence the satisfaction that the employees derive from their work and thus the overall success of the organisation. Understanding the importance of motivation is therefore an important management skill.
(a) Content theories address the question ‘What are the things that motivate people?’
Content theories are also called need theories (because they concentrate on the needs fulfilled by work) and are based on the notion that all human beings have a set of needs or required outcomes, and according to this theory, these needs can be satisfied through work. The theory focuses on what arouses, maintains and regulates good, directed behaviour and what specific individual forces motivate people. However, content theories assume that everyone responds to motivating factors in the same way and that consequently there is one, best way to motivate everybody.

(d) Comment on THREE factors other than NPV that the directors of ITL should consider when deciding whether

to manufacture the Snowballer. (3 marks)

正确答案：
(d) Factors that should be considered by the directors of ITL include:
(i) The cash flows are estimated. How accurate they are requires detailed consideration.
(ii) The cost of capital used by the finance director might be inappropriate. For example if the Snowballer proposal is less
risky than other projects undertaken by ITL then a lower cost of capital should be used.
(iii) The rate of inflation may vary from the anticipated rate of 4% per annum.
(iv) How strong is the Olympic brand name? The directors are proposing to pay royalties equivalent to 6% of sales revenue
during the six years of the anticipated life of the project. Should they market the Snowballer themselves?
(v) Would competitors enter the market and what would be the likely effect on sales volumes and selling prices?
N.B: Only three factors were required.

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