专项练习:2021年考研英语基础模拟题(四十二)

发布时间:2020-10-26


2021年考研初试备考还有最后的近两个月时间,相信大家也都在紧张的复习当中。在复习时,多做练习题可以让我们更加了解考试内容。下面,51题库考试学习网为大家带来考研初试的一些模拟试题,正在备考的小伙伴赶紧练起来吧。

Part C

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)

Relativity theory has had a profound influence on our picture of matter by forcing us to modify our concept of a particle in an essential way. (47)In classical physics, the mass of an object had always been associated with an indestructible material substance, with some stuff of which all things were thought to be made. Relativity theory showed that mass has nothing to do with any substance, but is a form energy. Energy, however, is a dynamic quantity associated with activity, or with processes.(48)The fact that the mass of a particle is equivalent to a certain of energy means that the particle can no longer be seen as a static object, but has to be conceived as a dynamic pattern, a process involving the energy which manifest itself as the particles mass.

(49)This new view of particles was initiated by Dirac when he formulated a relativistic equation describing the behavior of electrons. Diracs theory was not only extremely successful in accounting for the fine details of atomic structure, but also revealed a fundamental symmetry between matter and anti-matter. It predicted the existence of an anti-matter with the same mass as the electron but with an opposite charge. This positively charged particle, now called the positron, was indeed discovered two years after Dirac had predicted it. The symmetry between matter and anti-matter implies that for every particle there exists an antiparticles with equal mass and opposite charge. Pairs of particles and antiparticles can be created if enough energy is available and can be made to turn into pure energy in the reverse process of destruction.(50)These processes of particle creation and destruction had been predicted from Diracs theory before they were actually discovered in nature, and since then they have been observed millions of times.

The creation of material particles from pure energy is certainly the most spectacular effect of relativity theory, and it can only be understood in terms of the view of particles outlined above.(51)Before relativistic particle physics, the constituents of matter had always been considered as being either elementary units which were indestructible and unchangeable, or as composite objects which could be broken up into their constituent parts; and the basic question was whether one could divide matter again and again, or whether one would finally arrive at some smallest indivisible units.

参考答案:

47.在古典物理中,某一物体的质量总是与一种不可毁灭的物质相关联。这是一种构成一切物质的“东西”。

48.某一粒子的质量相当于一定的能量,这一事实意味着该粒子不再被看作是一个静态的物体,而应该被看成是一种动态的形式,一种与能量表现为粒子质量相关的过程。

49.这一新的粒子观是由迪拉克首创的,他列出了描述电子运动行为的相对论方程。

50.粒子生成和毁灭的过程在真正被发现之前,迪拉克的理论已经对它们作出了预测,从那时起人们对此做过数百万次的观测。

51.在相对论粒子物理学诞生之前,人们一直以为物质的构成成分要么是不可毁灭和不可改变的基本单位,要么是可以分解为其构成部分的合成物。

以上就是51题库考试学习网为大家带来的全部内容,希望能给大家一些帮助。51题库考试学习网提醒:目前2021年考研大纲已经公布,小伙伴们在复习时要注意以大纲为准哦。另外,小伙伴们如果还有其他关于考研信息的疑问,也可以留言咨询哦。


下面小编为大家准备了 研究生入学 的相关考题,供大家学习参考。


A.酮症酸中毒 B.乳酸酸中毒 C.非酮症高渗昏迷 D.低血糖

答案:D
解析:
患者为2型糖尿病,口服降糖药治疗,突发昏迷,可能为低血糖症。患者心率加快,呼吸浅快,皮肤潮湿,收缩压轻度升高等,都是低血糖发作时交感神经过度兴奋的表现。酮症酸中毒和乳酸酸中毒都可合并严重酸中毒,常表现为呼吸深快、皮肤干燥、血压降低等,与本例不符。非酮症高渗昏迷起病缓慢, 就诊时常有严重脱水、休克,血糖圣33.3mmol/L,都与与本例不符。

大黄?虫丸的功用

A.祛瘀生新
B.缓中补虚
C.缓急止痛
D.凉血祛瘀
答案:A,B
解析:
大黄?虫丸的功用:祛瘀生新;主治:五劳虚极;配伍特点:诸药合用,祛瘀血,清瘀热,滋阴血,润燥结,为“缓中补虚”之方,即尤在泾《金匮心典》所说:“润以濡其干,虫以动其瘀,通以去其闭”之意。

人的全面发展

答案:
解析:
(1)全面发展教育。全面发展教育是指教育者根据社会的政治经济需要和人的身心发展的规律和特点,有目的、有计划、有组织地对受教育者实施的旨在促进人的素质结构全面、和谐、充分发展的系统教育。全面发展的教育由德育、智育、体育、美育、综合实践活动等部分组成。①德育:向学生传授一定的社会思想准则、行为规范,并使其养成相应的思想品德的教育活动,包括思想教育、政治教育、道德教育、法制教育、健康心理等几个方面。②智育:是传授学生系统的文化知识和技能,发展他们的智力与非智力因素的教育。智育是全面发展教育的基础。③体育:是授予学生健康的知识和技能、发展他们的体力,增强他们的体质,培养他们的意志力,养成良好的卫生、保健习惯的教育。增强学生的体质是学校体育的根本任务。④美育:是培养学生健康的审美观,发展他们感受美、鉴赏美、表现美、创造美的能力,培养他们的高尚情操和文明素质的教育。⑤综合实践活动:指在教师引导下,密切联系学生自身生活和社会实际,让学生自主进行综合实践活动,包括研究性学习、社区服务、社会实践、劳动技术和信息技术等活动,积累解决实际问题的经验、提高综合应用知识于实践能力的教育。因此,综合实践活动同样是全面发展教育的重要组成部分。(2)体育、智育、德育、美育和综合实践活动各自的地位和作用。①全面发展的五个组成部分各有自己的特点、规律和功能,是相对独立、缺一不可的,不台彦互相替代,每一育的社会价值和满足个体发展的价值都是不同的。②它们又是相互联系、互为目的和手段的,在实践中,共同组成统一的教育过程。德育对其他各育起着保证方向和保证动力的作用;智育为其他各育提供了认识基础;体育是实施其他各育的基础保证;美育与综合实践活动是德、智、体的具体运用与实施。要坚持“五育并举”,处理好他们的关系,使其相辅相成,发挥教育的整体功能。也就是说,随时都要注意引导学生在体、智、德、美、综合实践活动诸方面都得到发展,防止和克服重此轻彼、顾此失彼的片面性,坚持全面发展的教育质量观。

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