美国对华为限制升级，表现在哪些方面？

发布时间：2020-05-14

华为是全球领先的信息与通信技术（ICT）解决方案供应商，专注于ICT领域，坚持稳健经营、持续创新、开放合作，在电信运营商、企业、终端和云计算等领域构筑了端到端的解决方案优势，为运营商客户、企业客户和消费者提供有竞争力的ICT解决方案、产品和服务，并致力于实现未来信息社会、构建更美好的全联接世界。

5月15日美国商务部网站显示，美国商务部计划升级对华为的管制措施升级，最主要的限制措施包括在全球范围内公司使用美国技术、软件、设备等给华为生产芯片将受到管制，需先得到美国批准。

1、根据美国商务部网站说明未来在全球范围内任何企业使用美国技术、软件、设备为华为制造生产芯片都将受到管制，需要获得美国批准才可以销售给华为，这就将导致很多企业和华为之间的合作受到影响。

2、长期的影响是华为获得美国公司、或者使用了美国技术生产的产品都会受限制。

3、从短期来看，华为或许会在 120 天内从台积电和中芯国际等代工厂积极拉货，进而影响台积电、中芯国际等上游供应链厂商的生产规划与进度。目前，华为设计的芯片主要由台积电和中芯国际等代工厂进行生产制造。

4、对于美国进一步升级对华为技术限制，华为轮值董事长郭平称，华为不理解美国为何要持续加大“实体清单”对华为的限制，华为的业务不可避免要受到巨大影响，“好在我们有预案”，华为有信心尽快找到解决办法。

统一的标准体系对产业发展极其重要，美国搞了太多独立标准，导致美国无线运营商目前无人是华为对手。尽管遭受打压，华为也不会走孤立路线，仍然会坚持全球化。更多资讯请关注51题库考试学习网。

下面小编为大家准备了 ACCA考试 的相关考题，供大家学习参考。

(iii) whether you agree or not with the statement of the production director. (3 marks)

正确答案：
(iii) ‘If we implement a reward scheme then it is bound to be beneficial for BGL’.
The statement of the manufacturing director is not necessarily correct. Indeed there is much evidence to support the
proposition that the existence of performance-related reward schemes can encourage dysfunctional behaviour. This often
manifests itself in the form. of ‘budgetary slack’ which is incorporated into budgets in anticipation of subsequent cuts by
higher levels of management or to make subsequent performance look better.

3 Airtite was set up in 2000 as a low cost airline operating from a number of regional airports in Europe. Using these

less popular airports was a much cheaper alternative to the major city airports and supported Airtite’s low cost service,

modelled on existing low cost competitors. These providers had effectively transformed air travel in Europe and, in so

doing, contributed to an unparalleled expansion in airline travel by both business and leisure passengers. Airtite used

one type of aircraft, tightly controlled staffing levels and costs, relied entirely on online bookings and achieved high

levels of capacity utilisation and punctuality. Its route network had grown each year and included new routes to some

of the 15 countries that had joined the EU in 2004. Airtite’s founder and Chief Executive, John Sykes, was an

aggressive businessman ever willing to challenge governments and competitors wherever they impeded his airline and

looking to generate positive publicity whenever possible.

John is now looking to develop a strategy which will secure Airtite’s growth and development over the next 10 years.

He can see a number of environmental trends emerging which could significantly affect the success or otherwise of

any developed strategy. 2006 had seen fuel costs continue to rise reflecting the continuing uncertainty over global

fuel supplies. Fuel costs currently account for 25% of Airtite’s operating costs. Conversely, the improving efficiency of

aircraft engines and the next generation of larger aircraft are increasing the operating efficiency of newer aircraft and

reducing harmful emissions. Concern with fuel also extends to pollution effects on global warming and climate

change. Co-ordinated global action on aircraft emissions cannot be ruled out, either in the form. of higher taxes on

pollution or limits on the growth in air travel. On the positive side European governments are anxious to continue to

support increased competition in air travel and to encourage low cost operators competing against the over-staffed

and loss-making national flag carriers.

The signals for future passenger demand are also confused. Much of the increased demand for low cost air travel to

date has come from increased leisure travel by families and retired people. However families are predicted to become

smaller and the population increasingly aged. In addition there are concerns over the ability of countries to support

the increasing number of one-parent families with limited incomes and an ageing population dependent on state

pensions. There is a distinct possibility of the retirement age being increased and governments demanding a higher

level of personal contribution towards an individual’s retirement pension. Such a change will have a significant impact

on an individual’s disposable income and with people working longer reduce the numbers able to enjoy leisure travel.

Finally, air travel will continue to reflect global economic activity and associated economic booms and slumps together

with global political instability in the shape of wars, terrorism and natural disasters.

John is uncertain as to how to take account of these conflicting trends in the development of Airtite’s 10-year strategy

and has asked for your advice.

Required:

(a) Using models where appropriate, provide John with an environmental analysis of the conditions affecting the

low cost air travel industry. (12 marks)

正确答案：
(a) Environmental Analysis
Clearly, both the macro-environment and the industry environment facing Airtite are becoming more challenging and scanning
the environment and understanding the relative significance of the challenges is a key step in developing a future strategy to
deal with it. Many models and tools and techniques are available to assess the size of the competitive threats facing Airtite.
One of the earlier scanning models looks to measure whether the environment an organisation faces is becoming more
complex and more dynamic. Evidence from the scenario suggests both are occurring and this means it is becoming
increasingly difficult to predict the future nature of competition from what has happened in the past. Airtite’s future is linked
to an increasingly global environment and many conflicting and contradictory factors require the company to develop a
process through which these factors are considered on a regular and systematic basis.
Johnson and Scholes suggest there are five steps in terms of environmental analysis:
Step 1 Audit of environmental influences
Step 2 Assessment of the nature of the environment
Step 3 Identification of the key environmental forces
Step 4 Identification of competitive position
Step 5 Identification of the principal opportunities and threats
Systematic consideration of each of these steps leads to an understanding of the strategic position of the firm.
A PESTEL analysis is part of the process of environmental appraisal and it is important for John to recognise those parts of
its environment it can influence. All too often firms can regard themselves as ‘victims’ of the chosen environment, failing to
recognise that through their strategic decisions they can profoundly change the competitive environment for their current or
potential competitors. A good PESTEL analysis inevitably links into an informed SWOT analysis. In both instances it is
necessary to isolate the key forces causing environmental change – simply creating a long list of factors may simply convince
you of your inability to change the situation.
Once having decided which are the critical factors, it is then necessary to decide on the likelihood of a particular
environmental change occurring and the significance of its impact on the firm. Matching the competitive capability of the firm
against the attractiveness of the business sector Airtite is operating in will provide an understanding of the firm’s competitive
position and the options open to it. Many other models and tools and techniques are available, including Porter’s five forces,product life cycle analysis and scenario building to generate alternative strategic responses.

(b) State the immediate tax implications of the proposed gift of the share portfolio to Avril and identify an

alternative strategy that would achieve Crusoe’s objectives whilst avoiding a possible tax liability in the

future. State any deadline(s) in connection with your proposed strategy. (5 marks)

正确答案：
(b) Gift of the share portfolio to Avril
Inheritance tax
The gift would be a potentially exempt transfer at market value. No inheritance tax would be due at the time of the gift.
Capital gains tax
The gift would be a disposal by Crusoe deemed to be made at market value for the purposes of capital gains tax. No gain
would arise as the deemed proceeds will equal Crusoe’s base cost of probate value.
Stamp duty
There is no stamp duty on a gift of shares for no consideration.
Strategy to avoid a possible tax liability in the future
Crusoe should enter into a deed of variation directing the administrators to transfer the shares to Avril rather than to him. This
will not be regarded as a gift by Crusoe. Instead, provided the deed states that it is intended to be effective for inheritance tax
purposes, it will be as if Noland had left the shares to Avril in a will.
This strategy is more tax efficient than Crusoe gifting the shares to Avril as such a gift would be a potentially exempt transfer
and inheritance tax may be due if Crusoe were to die within seven years.
The deed of variation must be entered into by 1 October 2009, i.e. within two years of the date of Noland’s death.

4 In addition to the application form. and interview, references provide further confidential information about the

prospective employee.

Required:

(a) Define the purpose of a reference. (3 marks)

正确答案：
4 Overview:
References are used by most employers as a key part of their selection process, but mainly to verify facts about the candidate rather
than as an aid to decision making. The reference check is usually the last stage in the selection process and referees should be
contacted only after permission has been given by the applicant. Good referees are almost certain to know more about the
applicant than the selector and it would be foolish not to seek their advice or treat the reference check as a mere formality.
Part (a)
References provide further confidential information about the prospective employee. This may be of varying value, as the reliability
of all but the most factual information must be in question.
The purpose of a reference is to obtain straightforward factual information confirming the nature of the applicant’s previous job(s),
the period of employment, current pay and the circumstances for wishing to leave the present employment and to seek opinions
about the applicant’s personality and other attributes. However, allowance must be made for prejudice and charity.

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